Free resource · Cambridge AS & A Level Biology 9700
AS & A Level Biology 9700 past paper questions by topic (2022–2025)
Every question from the 84 papers of 2022–2025 — Paper 1 (Multiple Choice), Paper 2 (AS Level Structured), Paper 4 (A Level Structured) — sorted into the 19 chapters of our Biology notes: 1,771 questions. Pick a chapter, then open the official paper and go straight to the question number. Questions on content that is no longer in the current syllabus are left out.
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- Cell Structure (194)
- Biological Molecules (209)
- Enzymes (97)
- Cell Membranes and Transport (124)
- The Mitotic Cell Cycle (115)
- Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (129)
- Transport in Plants (148)
- Transport in Mammals (153)
- Gas Exchange (84)
- Infectious Diseases (92)
- Immunity (99)
- Energy and Respiration (32)
- Photosynthesis (30)
- Homeostasis (42)
- Control and Coordination (43)
- Inheritance (54)
- Selection and Evolution (47)
- Classification, Biodiversity and Conservation (42)
- Genetic Technology (37)
Chapter 1: Cell Structure
194 past-paper questions
Free chapter preview →
Paper 1 (Multiple Choice): 158 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q1 | Calculating actual size from magnification | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q2 | Function of the Golgi body | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q3 | Organelles for lipid synthesis and secretion | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q4 | Interpreting a cell micrograph | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q5 | Virus structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Graticule calibration and measuring a cell | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Structures in a bacterial pathogen | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Organelles with partially permeable membranes | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Tracking labelled amino acids through organelles | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Features of a cell from a micrograph | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q1 | Graticule calibration and cell measurement | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q2 | Cell fractions from density gradient centrifugation | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q3 | Plant organelles containing nucleotides | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q4 | Statements about a micrograph | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q5 | Ribosome and rRNA counts in a bacterium | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q6 | Route of amino acids in glycoprotein production | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q7 | Features that can be present in viruses | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q1 | Magnification and resolution of light microscopes | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q2 | Calculating actual size from an electron micrograph | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q4 | Site of polypeptide synthesis in a secretory cell | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q5 | Comparing bacterial and plant cells | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q6 | Biological molecules in a virus | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Uses of an eyepiece graticule | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Resolution of a light microscope | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Calculating actual size from an electron micrograph | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Biochemical molecules in different cell types | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Organelles with enzymes and a double membrane | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Relative sizes of cell structures | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q1 | Calibrating a graticule with a stage micrometer | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q2 | Appearance under light versus electron microscope | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q3 | Virus detection and microscope resolution | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q4 | Structures containing ribosomal RNA | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q5 | Mature red blood cell specialisation | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q6 | Centrifugation of cell contents | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q7 | Virus structure | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Calculating actual size from magnification | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Endosymbiotic theory | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Functions of cell organelles | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Components of prokaryotic cells | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Interpreting features of ancient cells | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Structures in cells with a given organelle | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Cilia and root hair features | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q1 | Calculating magnification of a drawing | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q2 | Function of the nucleolus | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q3 | Order of organelles in density gradient centrifugation | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q4 | Cell structures containing nucleic acids | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q5 | Order of events in a secretory cell | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q6 | Double-membrane structures in animal and plant cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Magnification and distance between structures | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Distinguishing microscope type from a micrograph | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Plant vacuoles as lysosome equivalents | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Structures containing cisternae | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Cell structures in eukaryotes and bacteria | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q1 | Steps to find actual width from a micrograph | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q2 | Structures in human and plant cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q3 | Features of a prokaryotic cell | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q4 | Function of a membrane system | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q5 | Description of a lysosome | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q1 | Using a graticule to measure a structure | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q2 | Size range of prokaryotic cells | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q3 | Location of nucleic acids in an animal cell | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q4 | Structures found in bacterial cells | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q10 | Route of an extracellular enzyme through the cell | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Calculating image size from magnification | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Organelles bound by double membrane | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Ribosome sizes in organelles and prokaryotes | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Comparing prokaryotic and animal cells | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Comparing plant and animal cell structures | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q1 | Purpose of calibrating a graticule | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q2 | Interpreting an electron micrograph of a cell | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q3 | Features shared by eukaryotes and bacteria | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q4 | Cell volume taken by single-membrane structures | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Measuring cells with an eyepiece graticule | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Resolution of electron microscopes | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Staining of cell structures | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Secretory pathway of a glycoprotein | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Features of prokaryotic cells | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Plant cell versus bacterial cell features | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q1 | Virus sizes and microscope visibility | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q2 | Calibrating a graticule | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q3 | Organelle affected by lipid storage disease | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q4 | Cells with extensive Golgi bodies | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q5 | Shared structures between cell types | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q6 | Genetic material in animal and prokaryotic cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q7 | Nucleic acid components in all viruses | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Lens combinations and magnification | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Virus size from an electron micrograph | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Synthesis and release of mucin | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Functions of microtubules | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Organelles containing nucleic acids | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Features in plant and prokaryotic cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Bonds present in all viruses | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q1 | Statements about light microscopy | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q2 | Calibrating a graticule with a stage micrometer | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q3 | Order of organelles in enzyme secretion | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q4 | Centrioles, cilia, microtubules and microvilli | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q5 | Description of plasmodesmata | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q6 | Organelle lacking nucleic acids | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q7 | Processes occurring in eukaryotes and prokaryotes | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q8 | Bonds present in all viruses | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q1 | Interpreting an electron micrograph of plant cells | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q2 | Organelles that form vesicles | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q3 | Matching cell structures to functions | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q4 | Cells containing a tonoplast | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q5 | Organelles with double membranes | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q6 | Structural evidence for endosymbiosis | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Placing a graticule and micrometer scale | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Organelles in glycoprotein synthesis and secretion | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Structures that can contain mRNA | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Separating organelles by centrifugation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Structures shared by plant and prokaryotic cells | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Polymers present in viruses and prokaryotes | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q1 | Features visible with a light microscope | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q2 | Composition of a cytoplasmic structure | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q3 | Cell structures containing nucleic acid | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q4 | Features lost in evolution of mitochondria | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q5 | Polymers present in all organisms and viruses | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Calculating actual size from a micrograph | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Calibrating an eyepiece graticule | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Chloroplast and mitochondrion shared features | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Identifying root cell structures | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Components common to all viruses | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q1 | Calculating magnification from a scale bar | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q2 | Matching organelles to functions | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q3 | Location of 80S ribosomes | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q4 | Defining feature of prokaryotes | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q5 | Function of the nucleolus | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Field of view area using a graticule | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Structures containing cisternae | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Matching functions to cell structures | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Structures found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Nucleic acid bases present in all viruses | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q1 | Calculating magnification of a chloroplast | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q2 | Organelles lacking cristae | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q3 | Cell locations of mRNA | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q4 | Comparing prokaryotes and mitochondria | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q5 | Correct statement about cell components | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q1 | Calibrating an eyepiece graticule | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q2 | Matching cell structures to functions | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q3 | Size range of prokaryotic cells | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q4 | Features shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q5 | Virus structure | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Calculating size from magnification | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Resolution and wavelength of light | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Matching cell structures to functions | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Features of chloroplasts and mitochondria | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Features common to all viruses | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q1 | Calculating magnification from a scale | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q2 | Matching cell structures to functions | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q3 | Separating organelles by centrifugation | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q5 | Comparing prokaryotic and plant cells | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q6 | Organelle resembling prokaryotes | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q1 | Light microscope resolution and visible organelles | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q2 | Microvilli versus root hair cell features | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q3 | Magnification calculation from scale of micrograph | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q4 | Eukaryotic structures containing nucleic acids | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Virus structure and replication features | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Prokaryote versus organelle features |
Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 36 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 (a) | 2 | Cilia versus microvilli structure |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 (e) | 5 | Specialised secretory cell ultrastructure |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q2 | 7 | Microvilli, cilia and organelles in epithelial cells |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 (a) | 3 | Root hair cell organelles |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 (d) | 6 | Secretory organelles in root hairs |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q3 (e) | 2 | Structure of a plant virus |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q3 (a) | 3 | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell features |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 (a)–(b) | 2 | Microscopy type and magnification calculation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q1 | 7 | Organelle comparison and epithelial cell structures |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 (b)–(c) | 5 | Magnification definition and cell type identification |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q2 (c) | 6 | Specialised cell structure and function |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q6 (a) | 4 | Comparing plant, prokaryote and virus structure |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q1 (b) | 5 | Plant cell ultrastructure from a micrograph |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q4 (b) | 3 | Cilia internal structure |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q1 (b) | 2 | Interpreting muscle cell shape in section |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 (a) | 5 | Animal cell structures and functions |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q1 (a)–(b) | 5 | Virus structure and size calculation |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q5 | 3 | Prokaryote structure and microscopy |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q2 (a) | 2 | Secretory cell organelles |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q3 (c) | 8 | Organelles in a liver cell |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q4 (c) | 3 | Mitochondrion features and division |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q1 | 11 | Plant cell ultrastructure, vesicle movement and lysosomes |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 (a) | 3 | Comparing meristem and root cap cells |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q4 (a) | 6 | Interpreting a micrograph of a unicellular parasite |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q6 (b) | 4 | Glycoprotein synthesis in organelles |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q1 (a)–(b) | 5 | Eukaryote and prokaryote structures and micrograph drawing |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q1 | 8 | Organelles and electron microscopy of a liver cell |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q2 (a)–(e) | 8 | Virus structure and genetic material |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q2 (a) | 5 | Plasma cell organelles and secretion |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q5 (b) | 2 | Magnification and actual length calculation |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q1 (a)–(b) | 3 | Types of electron micrograph and magnification estimation |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q5 (a) | 1 | Light microscope image quality |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 5 | Bacterial versus plant cell and protoplast imaging |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q2 (d) | 1 | Plant cell types |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q4 (a) | 2 | Magnification and actual width calculation |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 (b)–(c) | 4 | Magnification calculation and prokaryote features |
Chapter 2: Biological Molecules
209 past-paper questions
Free chapter preview →
Paper 1 (Multiple Choice): 170 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q6 | Steps in the test for non-reducing sugars | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q7 | Identifying a polysaccharide structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q8 | Covalent bonds joining monomers | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q9 | Why storage polysaccharides do not affect water potential | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q10 | Molecules with many double bonds | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q11 | Effect of amino acid substitution on haemoglobin | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Interpreting biochemical tests | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Features of carbohydrate polymers | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Structure and function of a triglyceride | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Bonds in secondary and tertiary structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Structure of an elastic protein | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Collagen structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q8 | Result of the non-reducing sugar test | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q9 | Monomers of biological polymers | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q10 | Result of a condensation reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q11 | Features of amylopectin | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q12 | Triglyceride features | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q13 | Counting hydrogen atoms in a fatty acid tail | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q7 | Iodine and Benedict tests with amylase | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q8 | Alpha and beta glucose differences | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q9 | Identifying monosaccharides | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q10 | Functions of triglycerides | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q11 | Bonds found in proteins | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q12 | Quaternary structure of collagen | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q13 | Level of structure giving globular shape | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q14 | Water and temperature stability | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Interpreting sugar tests on sucrose | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Molecules with double bonds | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Hydrolysis of branched polysaccharides by an enzyme | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Water property behind sweating | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Bonds in protein structure levels | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q8 | Macromolecule types | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q9 | Hydrolysis of sucrose with acid | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q10 | Classifying glucose polymers | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q11 | Hydrolysis products with carboxyl groups | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q12 | Bonds in secondary and tertiary structure | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q13 | Amino acid R group properties | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q14 | Water and temperature stability | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q15 | Position of polar and non-polar amino acids | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q26 | Quaternary structure of proteins | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Hydrolysis reactions | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Linear form of monosaccharides | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Triglyceride structure | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Amino acid modification and collagen stability | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Bonds between cellulose molecules | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Storage polysaccharide comparison | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q7 | Structure of a branched plant polysaccharide | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q8 | Fatty acid components of a triglyceride | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q9 | Hydrogen bonds in a glucose polymer | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q10 | Identifying molecules by chemical tests | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q11 | Interactions between amino acid pairs | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Cross-links in collagen | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Haemoglobin polypeptide data | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Distinguishing glycogen from starch | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Identifying a lipid molecule | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Identifying globular proteins | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Mass calculation for phospholipids | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q6 | Structure of a triglyceride | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q7 | Components of haemoglobin | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q8 | Order of protein structure in an enzyme | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q9 | Latent heat of vaporisation and cooling | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q12 | Enzyme and antibody molecule properties | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q5 | Hydrogen bonding of water | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q6 | Amino acid structures in solution | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q7 | Fatty acid and triglyceride composition | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q8 | Collagen structure | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q9 | Mass of a protein with prosthetic group | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Cellulose structure | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Peptide bond formation | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Glucose isomers | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Biochemical tests on unknown solutions | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Bonds in tertiary and quaternary structure | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Haemoglobin structure | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q6 | Cellulose adaptations to function | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q7 | Beta-glucose structure | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q8 | Condensation reactions | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q9 | Quaternary protein structure | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q25 | Properties of water due to hydrogen bonding | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Test for non-reducing sugars | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Glycosidic bond formation | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Molecules containing carbonyl bonds | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Triglyceride structure | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Reducing sugar test on enzyme-treated sugar solution | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Peptidoglycan linkages | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Properties of water in blood and tissue fluid | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q8 | Steps of the non-reducing sugar test | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q9 | Bonds in glycolipids and glycoproteins | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q10 | Triglycerides in oils versus fats | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q11 | Bonding in protein structure levels | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q12 | Specific heat capacity of water | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Benedict test end-point and concentration | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Amylopectin and glycogen comparison | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Statements about fatty acids | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Possible amino acid side chains | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q9 | Molecules containing a glucose monomer | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q10 | Arrangement of fatty acids in a triglyceride | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q11 | Phospholipid structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q12 | Hydrogen bonding in water on hot days | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q13 | Cellulose features for cell wall function | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q8 | Semi-quantitative Benedict test steps | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q9 | Bonds holding secondary structure | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q10 | Insulin structure and disulfide bonds | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q11 | Water and temperature stability | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Emulsion test for lipids | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Tests on a carbohydrate solution | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Molecules with double bonds | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Cellulose structure | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Haem group and oxygen carriage | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Hydrogen bonding in water | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Properties of water in blood transport | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q7 | Test for non-reducing sugar | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q8 | Cellulose structure and function | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q9 | Properties of triglycerides | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q10 | Combinations of fatty acids in triglycerides | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q11 | Molecules with many double bonds | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q12 | Identifying an amino acid R group | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q13 | Interactions holding protein shape | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Benedict test as a quantitative estimate | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Amylose and amylopectin comparison | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Saturated versus unsaturated triglycerides | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Interactions maintaining protein structure | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Double bonds in biological molecules | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Hydrogen bonding between water molecules | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q6 | Interpreting biochemical tests on a mixture | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q7 | Ring form of beta-glucose | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q8 | Classifying carbohydrates and macromolecules | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q9 | Enzyme hydrolysis of branched glucose polymer | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q10 | Lipid compared with a triglyceride | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q11 | Tertiary structure of proteins | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Interpreting biochemical tests on samples | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Polymer with a structural role in plants | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Identifying a reducing disaccharide | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Glycosidic bond type in a polysaccharide | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Comparing triglycerides and phospholipids | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Protein structure in a modified silk | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Tertiary structure of globular proteins | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q6 | Identifying molecules from two food tests | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q7 | Alpha-glucose structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q8 | Formation of sucrose | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q9 | Structure of a seaweed polysaccharide | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q10 | Features of triglycerides and phospholipids | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q11 | Protein structure level with disulfide bonds | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q27 | Properties of water | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q6 | Benedict test on sugars before and after hydrolysis | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q7 | Molecules with 1,4-glycosidic bonds | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q8 | Comparing triglyceride structures | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q9 | Effect of hydrogenating fats | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q10 | Counting peptide bonds | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q11 | Classifying biological molecules | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q6 | Benedict test colour comparison | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Properties dependent on hydrogen bonds | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Classifying biological molecules | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Condensation between amino acids | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Biological properties of water | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Interactions maintaining tertiary structure | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Fatty acid type and melting behaviour | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q7 | Estimating reducing sugar concentration | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q8 | Hexose sugar structures | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q9 | Non-reducing sugar from hydrolysis | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q10 | Structure of an artificial lipid | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q11 | Identifying peptide bonds | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q7 | Benedict test interpretation for sugars | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q8 | Linear forms of monosaccharides | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Bond types in biological molecules | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Glycogen structure and bonding | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Cellulose structure | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Identifying unsaturated fatty acids | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Triglyceride properties and functions | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Bonds stabilising quaternary protein structure | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Levels of protein structure |
Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 38 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q2 (a) | 2 | Haem groups and oxygen binding |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q4 (a) | 3 | Chitin structure |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q3 (d) | 1 | Ring structure of a hydrolysis product sugar |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 8 | Collagen structure and properties |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q1 (a) | 2 | Macromolecules versus polymers |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q2 (a) | 2 | Globular protein features |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q3 (a)–(c) | 5 | Sugar structures and carbohydrates in a root crop |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 6 | Amino acid and polypeptide structure |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q2 | 9 | Glucose, glycoprotein and milk protein structure |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q2 (b) | 3 | Dissolving of ionic compounds in water |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q4 (a) | 4 | Glycosidic bond in a disaccharide |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q1 (a)–(b) | 7 | Fatty acid data and water as a solvent |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q4 | 8 | Cellulose, cell wall composition and biofuel |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q2 (a) | 3 | Properties of water in blood |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q4 (a) | 3 | Structure of cellulose |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q2 | 10 | Collagen structure and modification |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q3 (c) | 3 | Polysaccharide structures and functions |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q2 (b) | 5 | Protein modification by lipid addition |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q3 (b) | 4 | Structure of callose |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 (a) | 1 | Protein structure classification of keratin |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 (c) | 3 | Structural stability of fibrous protein |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q3 (a) | 3 | Haemoglobin subunits and structure |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q2 | 9 | Glycogen and cellulose structure and function |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q4 (a) | 4 | Levels of protein structure |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q5 (c) | 2 | Semi-quantitative sugar tests |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q6 (a) | 3 | Oligosaccharide structure |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 5 | Disulfide bonds and protein structure of mucins |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q6 (a) | 3 | Collagen structure and strength |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q3 (a) | 4 | Globular protein structure and enzyme function |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q5 (a) | 3 | Primary structure of collagen |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q6 (a) | 2 | Role of water in transport fluids |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q1 (b) | 7 | Secondary and tertiary protein structure |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q4 | 9 | Triglyceride formation and properties |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 6 | Sugar and triglyceride structure and synthesis |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 3 | Protein structure and function of an enzyme |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q2 (c) | 4 | Structure of cellulose |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q5 (d) | 3 | Fatty acid structure and saturation |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q3 (a) | 1 | General structure of an amino acid |
Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 1 question
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q7 (a) | 2 | Amino acid structures |
Chapter 3: Enzymes
97 past-paper questions
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Paper 1 (Multiple Choice): 74 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q12 | Effect of competitive inhibitor on rate | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q13 | Activation energy with an enzyme | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q14 | How a substrate enters an active site | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q9 | Enzyme action and inhibition in pests | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Effect of an enzyme on activation energy | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Use of the Michaelis–Menten constant | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Effect of pH on amylase rate | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Non-competitive inhibitor properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q15 | Lock-and-key hypothesis | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q16 | Effect of temperature on amylase from graph | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q17 | Regulation of enzyme reaction rate | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q15 | Enzyme mode of action | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q16 | Comparing two enzymes on a rate graph | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Extracellular enzymes and phagocytosis | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Substances unchanged during enzyme reaction | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Effect of pH on enzyme rate | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Requirements for assaying an enzyme in plasma | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Km and Vmax on a graph | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q16 | Competitive inhibitor effect on Km | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Protein levels forming the active site | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Rate of enzyme reaction from product volume | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Reversible inhibition of an enzyme | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q12 | Effect of pH on enzyme-catalysed reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q13 | Properties of a non-competitive inhibitor | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q14 | Rate of a hydrolysis reaction measured by colorimetry | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q15 | Statements about protease enzymes | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Effect of non-competitive inhibitor on rate | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Enzyme inhibition in a metabolic pathway | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q10 | Optimum pH for two enzymes | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q11 | Substrate concentration and reaction rate | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q13 | Reversible non-competitive inhibitor | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q11 | Labelling an enzyme rate graph | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q12 | Michaelis–Menten constant | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q14 | Enzymes in a metabolic pathway | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Competitive inhibitor effects on kinetics | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q11 | Enzyme rates and substrate concentration | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q10 | Enzyme and inhibitor interactions | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q11 | Effects of inhibitor types on rate | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q12 | Comparing enzymes using Km | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q13 | Enzyme turnover number | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Monitoring enzyme reactions by colorimetry | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Lipase investigation and pH change | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q13 | Effect of an enzyme on product formation | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q14 | Factor limiting enzyme rate on temperature graph | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q15 | Removing a non-competitive inhibitor | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Energy profile of catalysed reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Enzyme and substrate concentration graph | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Michaelis–Menten constant statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q14 | Statements about enzyme action | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q15 | Induced fit in a viral enzyme | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q16 | Immobilised versus free enzyme and temperature | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q12 | Activation energy on an energy graph | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q13 | Substrate concentration and rate with inhibitor | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Inhibition of an enzyme by plant compounds | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Rate of reaction over time graph | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q14 | Protein medicine broken down by digestive enzymes | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q15 | Substrate concentration and rate graph | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q16 | End-product inhibition | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Extracellular enzymes | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Lock-and-key enzyme action | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Effect of inhibitors on reaction rate | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q12 | Interpreting an enzyme-catalysed reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q13 | Lock-and-key versus induced fit | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q14 | Effect of non-competitive inhibitor | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q13 | Factors raising enzyme activity on a rate graph | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Meaning of a low Km value | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q12 | Enzyme structure change monitored by fluorescence | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q13 | Catalase activity and oxygen volume | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q14 | Km and enzyme affinity | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q12 | Colorimetry to monitor protein hydrolysis | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q13 | Effect of reversible inhibitor on rate graph | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q12 | Michaelis–Menten constant and substrate affinity | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q12 | Similarities between two enzymes | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q13 | Competitive inhibition |
Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 23 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q3 | 10 | Enzyme models, reactions and inhibition by a compound |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q3 (e) | 6 | Enzyme supplements and lactose intolerance |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q3 | 9 | Induced-fit hypothesis and enzyme inhibition |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q1 (b) | 5 | Enzyme properties investigation |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q3 | 9 | Progress of enzyme-catalysed reactions |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q6 (a) | 2 | Effect of inhibitors on Vmax and Km |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q4 (b) | 6 | Effect of pH and substrate on enzyme rate |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q4 (c) | 4 | Enzyme deficiency from gene mutation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q5 | 9 | Enzyme concentration, temperature and immobilisation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 (e) | 5 | Non-competitive inhibition of an enzyme |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q3 (a) | 3 | Enzyme action models |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q5 (b) | 2 | Enzyme inhibitor binding |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q6 (b) | 5 | Effect of RNA molecules on enzyme activity |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 (b) | 1 | Enzyme action on different substrates |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 (d)–(e) | 7 | Enzyme activity under varying temperature and pH |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q2 | 8 | Enzyme progress curve and polymer synthesis |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 (c) | 1 | Extracellular enzymes |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q6 (b) | 2 | Effect of pH on enzyme activity |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q5 (c) | 4 | Regulation of enzyme activity by inhibitors |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q3 | 8 | Enzyme specificity and inhibition by a drug |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 (f) | 3 | Enzyme inhibition and pressure in the eye |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q5 (b) | 3 | Competitive inhibition of an enzyme |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q3 (b)–(c) | 7 | Enzyme activity and substrate concentration |
Chapter 4: Cell Membranes and Transport
124 past-paper questions
Free chapter preview →
Paper 1 (Multiple Choice): 102 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q15 | Roles of glycolipids in membranes | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q16 | Plant cells placed in distilled water | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q17 | Surface area to volume ratio in agar cuboids | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q18 | Osmosis of cells in two solutions | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Increasing membrane fluidity at low temperature | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q18 | Roles of membrane proteins and glycoproteins | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q19 | Diffusion time in agar cubes | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Osmosis in plant tissue pieces | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q14 | Orientation of phospholipids in a bilayer | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q18 | Fluid mosaic evidence from fused cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q19 | Statements about the cell surface membrane | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q20 | Diffusion into agar cylinders | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q17 | Meaning of mosaic in membrane structure | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q18 | Plasmolysis of plant tissue | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Maintaining membrane fluidity in cold | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q18 | Plasmolysis of epidermal tissue | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q19 | Water potential of potato from mass change | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Surface area to volume ratio in agar cubes | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q17 | Membrane components acting as antigens | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q18 | Identifying membrane molecules from descriptions | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q19 | Transport methods affected by a mitochondrial inhibitor | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q20 | Visking tubing and diffusion | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Surface area to volume ratio of agar blocks | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Rate of facilitated diffusion | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q18 | Phospholipid bilayer in bacteria | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q16 | Identifying membrane molecules | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q17 | Surface area to volume ratio of a cell | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q18 | Direction of net water movement | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q19 | Permeability of beetroot membranes | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Dialysis tubing and diffusion of solutes | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Phospholipids in cell surface membranes | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Plasmolysis in onion epidermis | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Surface area to volume ratio of bacteria | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q14 | Reason for sucrose solution in extraction | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q15 | Blood cell membrane permeability | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q16 | Phospholipid parts | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q17 | Surface area to volume ratio of a cylinder | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q13 | Cotransport across a cell surface membrane | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q15 | Effect of salt solutions on blood cells | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q16 | Facilitated diffusion | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Process independent of ATP | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Molecule entry and ATP concentration | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Osmosis and blood cell water potential | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Agar blocks and diffusion rate | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q5 | Polarity of phospholipid heads | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q14 | Agar blocks and surface area to volume ratio | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q15 | Events in exocytosis | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q16 | Osmosis in potato cylinders | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Membrane width measurement | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Position of carbohydrate chains on membrane | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Ways ions cross a membrane | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q18 | Osmosis across an artificial membrane | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q19 | Agar diffusion and surface area ratio | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q16 | Ordering surface area to volume ratios | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q17 | Volume change of plant cells in solutions | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Cholesterol and membrane fluidity | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Plant cells in sugar solutions | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Agar cubes and surface area to volume ratio | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q17 | Receptor type and result of ligand binding | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q18 | Comparing endocytosis and exocytosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q19 | Surface area ratio of a cube | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q14 | Cell signalling and receptors | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q15 | Plasmolysis and partially permeable layer | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q16 | Surface area to volume ratio and diffusion efficiency | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Molecules in cell recognition | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Factors affecting membrane fluidity | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Factors affecting rate of diffusion | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q18 | Diffusion time and agar block size | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q19 | Osmosis in plant tissue cylinders | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q17 | Distribution of membrane components | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q18 | Concentrations in endocytosis and exocytosis | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q19 | Properties of simple diffusion | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q20 | Osmosis in plant cells | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q5 | Partially permeable membrane and molecule size | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q10 | Membrane phospholipid regions | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Substances crossing membrane directly | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q18 | Surface area to volume ratio of a cube | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q15 | Surface area to volume ratio of a cell | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q16 | Facilitated diffusion versus active transport | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q17 | Potato in sucrose solution and water potential | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Functions of membrane glycoproteins | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Identifying a membrane transport process | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Plasmolysis of onion epidermis | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Water potential change when salt is added | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q15 | Active transport versus facilitated diffusion | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q16 | Movement of molecules across dialysis tubing | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q17 | Potato mass change in salt solution | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q14 | Liposome structure and drug transport | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q15 | Identifying processes requiring energy or vesicles | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q16 | Explaining change in solute concentration in a cell | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q17 | Agar diffusion and surface area ratio | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q14 | Purpose of salt solution for cultured cells | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q15 | Membrane processes requiring ATP | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Requirements for efficient diffusion | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q14 | Toxin altering membrane permeability | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q15 | Processes using ATP across membranes | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q16 | Diffusion in agar with indicator | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q17 | Membrane glycoprotein structure | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q16 | Uses of colorimetry in investigations | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Transport processes not needing a gradient | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q18 | Effect of ethanol on membrane structure | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q19 | Water potential and osmosis in plant cells |
Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 20 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q1 | 9 | Fluid mosaic membrane structure and fluidity |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q4 | 7 | Bacterial outer membrane compared with cell surface membrane |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q1 (a) | 5 | Movement of substances across red blood cell membranes |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q2 (c) | 2 | Effect of a peptide on cell membranes |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q4 (a) | 2 | Membrane cholesterol content |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q1 (a) | 5 | Membrane components and thickness |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q5 (a) | 2 | Stages of cell signalling |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q1 | 13 | Membrane structure, transport and lipid signalling |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q1 | 8 | Ion uptake across red blood cell membranes |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q4 (c) | 3 | Secretory vesicles and exocytosis of surfactant |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q4 (d) | 3 | Ion movement into mitochondria |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q3 | 10 | Membrane transport proteins and antigen presentation protein |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q6 (c) | 1 | Role of membrane glycoproteins |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q1 (c) | 3 | Cell signalling by receptor binding |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q5 (b) | 3 | Exocytosis of collagen |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q5 (a) | 4 | Cell signalling and capillary cells |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q1 (c) | 6 | Glucose absorption by membrane transport proteins |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 (e) | 1 | Secretion by exocytosis |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q5 (a) | 2 | Membrane-bound enzyme pathways |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q1 (a) | 4 | Comparing membrane transport processes |
Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 2 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q1 (a) | 3 | Membrane transport proteins and processes |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q10 (b) | 3 | Cell signalling terminology passage |
Chapter 5: The Mitotic Cell Cycle
115 past-paper questions
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Paper 1 (Multiple Choice): 93 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q19 | Centromere number through mitosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q20 | Phase of telomere shortening | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q21 | Order of mitosis stages | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q21 | Cell types containing telomeres | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q22 | Events that are part of mitosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Interpreting cells in different stages of mitosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q21 | Roles of adult stem cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q22 | Statements about the mitotic cell cycle | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q23 | Identifying a stage in a photomicrograph | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q19 | Timing of mitosis stages from cell counts | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q20 | Parts of a chromosome | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q21 | Processes in stem cells during repair | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q22 | Telomerase activity in cell types | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q21 | Identifying a stage of mitosis | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q22 | Phase of DNA replication | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Telomere number in prophase | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q21 | Identifying a stage of mitosis | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q22 | Counting structures at stages of the cell cycle | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q19 | DNA strands at end of interphase | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Identifying mitotic stages in a micrograph | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q21 | DNA content through the cell cycle | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q22 | Genes involved in tumour formation | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Telomerase and cell division | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q20 | Next stage of mitosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q21 | Roles of mitosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q22 | Activities within stages of the cell cycle | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q24 | DNA molecules in early prophase and telophase | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q18 | DNA molecules at start of prophase | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q19 | Next event after a mitotic stage | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Processes in bone marrow cell cycle | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q21 | Cells needing telomerase | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q18 | Process not involving mitosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q19 | Identifying mitotic stages | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q20 | Stages with sister chromatids | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q17 | Stem cell properties | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q18 | Identifying a missing stage of mitosis | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q19 | Distance changes during metaphase | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q20 | State of chromosomes at start of anaphase | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q18 | Metabolic activity after cytokinesis | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q19 | Position in the mitotic cell cycle | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Spindle fibre behaviour in mitosis | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q17 | Daughter cell compared with parent | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q18 | Identifying a stage of mitosis | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q19 | Statements about the cell cycle | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q20 | Telomere number in a nucleus | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Chromosome packaging in DNA | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q21 | Chromosome condensation in the cell cycle | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q22 | Stem cell features | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q18 | Chromosome appearance at start of prophase | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q19 | Events that are part of mitosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q20 | Genes and proteins in cancer | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q21 | Interpreting a cell in mitosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q18 | Cell numbers from mitosis rate | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q19 | Roles of mitosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Events of the mitotic cell cycle | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q20 | Chromosome behaviour in telophase | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q21 | Difficulty identifying a mitotic stage in a micrograph | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q17 | Features of mitosis | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q18 | Mitotic index calculation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Chromosome organisation in prophase | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q21 | DNA copies through the cell cycle | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q6 | Structures with telomeres | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q21 | Properties of stem cells | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q22 | Mitotic index calculation | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q19 | Events in the mitotic cell cycle | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Stem cell replacement of red blood cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q18 | Processes producing identical cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q19 | Chromosome components in prophase | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q20 | Processes during interphase | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q21 | Telomeres in stem cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q18 | Cells needing telomerase | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q19 | Interpreting DNA mass through the cell cycle | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Effect of mutated p53 gene | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q21 | Stages of mitosis in plant cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q18 | Components of a chromosome at telophase | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q19 | Stage of cell cycle with DNA replication | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q20 | Cell cycle in the layers of the epidermis | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q21 | Stages of the cell cycle | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q18 | Roles of mitosis | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q19 | Phases of the cell cycle | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q20 | Telomerase function | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q21 | Identifying mitosis stages in a micrograph | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q17 | Roles of mitosis | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q18 | Telomeres in stem and cancer cells | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q19 | DNA content through the cell cycle | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Events of prophase | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q18 | Cells able to divide by mitosis | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q19 | Statements about mitosis | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q20 | Telomeres | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q21 | Sequence of mitosis stages | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q20 | Cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q21 | Chromosome components compared by number | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q22 | Features of a stage of mitosis |
Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 22 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q4 (b)–(c) | 8 | Telomeres and tumour formation |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q5 (b) | 3 | Stem cells for artificial red blood cells |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q5 | 7 | Telomere role and telomere transcription |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q6 | 6 | Mitosis stages and cell cycle terms |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q3 (d) | 4 | Uncontrolled cell division and immune treatment of tumours |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q6 | 4 | Mitosis stage, DNA location and spindle inhibitor |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q4 (a)–(c) | 5 | Tissue repair, tumour formation and telomeres |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 6 | Stem cell division and centromeres |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q4 (c) | 4 | Centrioles and the cell cycle |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q5 | 5 | Chromatin condensation and metaphase chromosomes |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q5 (c)–(d) | 6 | Regulation of the cell cycle and cancer treatment |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q4 (b) | 1 | Events of the mitotic cell cycle |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q1 | 7 | Chromatin, chromosome structure and metaphase |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q1 (b) | 3 | Cell division in a parasite |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q4 (c) | 5 | Chromosome structure at metaphase |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q3 (c) | 3 | Parts of the mitotic cell cycle |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q1 | 11 | Mitosis stages and telomerase |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q6 | 7 | Mitosis stages, roles and drug effects |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q2 (f) | 3 | Viral effects on the cell cycle |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q4 | 11 | Mitosis stages, microtubules and genetic identity |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q1 (d) | 4 | Role of mitosis by stem cells |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q2 | 7 | Mitosis stages, telomeres and stem cell treatment |
Chapter 6: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
129 past-paper questions
Free chapter preview →
Paper 1 (Multiple Choice): 102 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q22 | Gene length and protein mass calculation | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q23 | Identifying bases in a DNA section | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q24 | Roles of DNA polymerase and ligase | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q25 | Reading DNA triplet codes | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q24 | Stage using DNA ligase | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Why triplet codes exceed amino acid number | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Modification of primary transcript | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Protein synthesis in a prokaryote | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q24 | Components of ATP | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q25 | Complementary base pairing statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q26 | Statements about protein synthesis | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q27 | Effect of a mutation on amino acid sequence | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q23 | Statements about genes and mutations | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q24 | Base proportions in double-stranded DNA | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q25 | Removal of non-coding RNA sequences | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q24 | Hydrogen bonds in RNA base pairing | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Deducing amino acid sequence from DNA triplets | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q23 | Statements about tRNA | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q24 | Universal nature of the genetic code | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q25 | Bonds between cytosine and guanine | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q24 | Representing DNA base pairs | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Transcription of a gene | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q23 | Gene mutation producing a non-functional protein | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q25 | Amino acid sequence from a transcribed strand | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q26 | Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q22 | tRNA anticodons for a polypeptide | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Bond in a DNA strand | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q24 | Properties of cytosine | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Name of the template strand | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q21 | Bond in a nucleic acid | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q22 | Laboratory-made nucleic acid components | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q23 | Strand bound by RNA polymerase | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q24 | Processes in mRNA formation | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q25 | Deducing a template sequence from an anticodon | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q21 | Chemical structures of bases | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q22 | Reading mRNA codons from a template sequence | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q23 | Requirements for translation | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q21 | Codon and anticodon pairing | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q22 | Bond formation by DNA polymerase | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Post-transcriptional modification of RNA | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q21 | Leading and lagging strand replication | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q22 | Effect of nucleotide deletion in transcript | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q23 | Statements about translation | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q24 | Deducing non-template strand sequence | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Features common to all nucleotides | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q24 | Counting phosphodiester bonds | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Complementary base pairing | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Replication forks and speed of replication | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Molecules whose synthesis DNA controls | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q22 | Correct structure of a DNA segment | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q23 | Replication experiment with isotopes | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q24 | Process of transcription | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q25 | Sickle cell mutation in template strand | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q21 | Features of a DNA molecule | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q22 | Leading and lagging strand replication | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Using a codon wheel | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q22 | Structure of lagging strand fragments | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q23 | Altered genome and stop triplets | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q24 | Base percentages in transcript from template | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q7 | Molecules common to all organisms and viruses | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q19 | Features of mRNA | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q20 | Structures involved only in transcription | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q21 | Product coded by a gene | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q22 | Effect of mutation on codons | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q22 | Meaning of universal genetic code | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Features of mRNA | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q24 | Components of translation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Effect of triplet changes on amino acids | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q23 | Components of ATP | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q24 | Base counts in DNA strands | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q25 | Role of DNA polymerase in replication | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q26 | Translation at a ribosome | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q21 | Role of DNA polymerase in replication | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q22 | Base proportions in double-stranded DNA | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Base composition of a gene across species | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q24 | Radiolabelled precursors for mRNA synthesis | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q22 | Identifying pyrimidine bases | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q23 | Replication experiment with nitrogen isotopes | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q24 | Effect of mutation on amino acid sequence | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q25 | Antibacterial drugs affecting protein synthesis | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q22 | Statements about semi-conservative replication | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Effect of sickle cell mutation on polypeptide | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q24 | Hydrogen bonding during transcription | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Effect of a DNA sequence mutation | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q22 | Components of a nucleotide | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q23 | Relationships between nucleic acid bases | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q24 | DNA replication with nitrogen isotopes | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q25 | Number of nucleotides coding for a polypeptide | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q22 | Semi-conservative replication isotope experiment | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q23 | Base proportion calculation in DNA | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q24 | DNA structure statements | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q25 | Identifying the non-transcribed strand | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q21 | Structure of ATP | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q22 | Processes inhibited by RNA polymerase blocker | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Reading DNA triplet codes | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q4 | Sugar component of ATP | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q22 | Transcription and translation relationships | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q23 | Features of mRNA | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q24 | Labelling a DNA molecule | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q25 | Effect of base substitution on haemoglobin | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q23 | Nucleotide structure and base pairing | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q24 | DNA replication enzymes and direction |
Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 26 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q3 (a)–(c) | 6 | Genes, introns and mutation affecting lactase synthesis |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q2 (c) | 6 | DNA strands and a collagen gene |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q4 | 6 | Nucleotide structure and DNA molecule bonds |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q4 (a) | 6 | Receptor gene and sequence analysis |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q6 (b) | 2 | Start and stop codons in a synthetic gene |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q5 | 10 | Genome location, transcription and a transcription inhibitor |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q3 | 5 | Complementary base pairing in transcription |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q3 | 9 | Nucleic acid bases and antiparallel replication |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q6 | 6 | Comparing RNA and DNA and synthetic base pairs |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q4 (a) | 7 | Transcription and translation from a DNA template |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q4 (c) | 4 | DNA replication in the nucleus |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q4 (d) | 1 | ATP structure |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q2 (c) | 4 | Gene length and coding sequences |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q6 (a) | 3 | DNA replication and chain-terminating nucleotides |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q4 (d) | 5 | Gene structure and protein from a long gene |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 5 | Transcription enzyme, bonds and template strand |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 8 | Gene definition and DNA replication enzymes |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q5 | 11 | Nucleotide structure and analogue drugs |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 (d) | 6 | Effect of allele mutation on protein synthesis |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q3 (b) | 8 | DNA structure and gene |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q1 (a) | 5 | Translation and polypeptide formation |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q5 (b)–(d) | 8 | Mutations, primary structure and genetic code |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q6 | 13 | Comparing RNA and DNA, transcription and tRNA activation |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 (c) | 3 | Introns, exons and gene structure |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q5 (c) | 4 | Gene expression and enzyme production |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q6 | 12 | DNA structure, transcription and translation |
Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 1 question
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a) | 5 | Gene mutation and abnormal haemoglobin |
Chapter 7: Transport in Plants
148 past-paper questions
Free chapter preview →
Paper 1 (Multiple Choice): 118 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q26 | Identifying stem transport tissues | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q27 | Features reducing resistance to water flow | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q28 | Movement of water from root hair to endodermis | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q29 | Phloem changes when carbohydrate enters a sink | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Identifying companion cell location in a root | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Pressure and water potential in a transpiring plant | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Definitions of transpiration terms | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Features of a loaded sieve tube element | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q28 | Identifying stem tissues in a section | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q29 | Pathway of water from soil to xylem | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q30 | Phloem changes when amino acids unload | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q3 | Identifying a plant stem cell type | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q26 | Water potential gradient from leaf to atmosphere | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q27 | Solute concentrations in different plant tissues | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q28 | Effect of heating a stem on transport | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Definition of transpiration | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Companion cell and xylem vessel features | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Water pathway across root cells | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Trunk diameter changes and water tension | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Tissues containing proton pumps | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q27 | Interpreting vascular tissue in a section | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q28 | Hydrogen bonds in xylem water transport | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q29 | Movement of water and solutes through a leaf | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Leaves as sources and sinks | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Amino acid loading into phloem | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q27 | Movement of sucrose and amino acids in plants | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q28 | Xylem vessel adaptations | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q29 | Plan diagram of a leaf vascular bundle | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Location of mitochondria in phloem tissue | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Translocation of sucrose through phloem cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Molecules cotransported into companion cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q26 | Plan diagram scale calculation | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q27 | Labelling phloem structures on a micrograph | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q28 | Source and sink cells in phloem | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q29 | Movement of water and solutes in a root | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q24 | Identifying a plant stem transport structure | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q25 | Waterproofing substance in xylem | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q24 | Sinks for translocated sucrose | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Identifying cells in a transport tissue | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Symplast pathway solute movement | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Water movement through xylem | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q26 | Xylem wall substances | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q27 | Phloem sieve tube structure | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q28 | Carrier proteins in assimilate loading | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Companion cell and sieve tube relationship | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Apoplast tracing in a root section | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Adhesion and cohesion in xylem | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Conditions for mass flow in phloem | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q26 | Lignin staining in a stem section | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q27 | Symplast pathway routes | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q28 | Xerophytic leaf adaptations | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q29 | Phloem changes when unloading at a sink | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q24 | Diagram of apoplast and symplast pathways | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Functions of xerophytic leaf structures | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Processes in assimilate loading | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Sucrose concentration gradient in loading | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Features of xylem and phloem transport | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q25 | Xylem vessel element features | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q26 | Ion movement through apoplast and symplast pathways | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q27 | Processes moving water from root to atmosphere | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q23 | Plant cell types containing organelles | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q24 | Hydrogen bonding term in water movement | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q25 | Cell water status in xerophytic leaf | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q26 | Route of sucrose to phloem | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q27 | Role of companion cells in loading | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Cells with plasmodesmata | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Apoplast and symplast pathways | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Site of water evaporation in transpiration | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Cell water potential in xerophytic leaves | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Grass leaf adaptations to dry habitat | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Evidence for active loading of sucrose | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q27 | Xylem and phloem structure and function | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q28 | Plant component used in the apoplast pathway | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q29 | Transport pathways in dicotyledonous plants | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q30 | Transpiration and carbon dioxide uptake | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q31 | Effects of sucrose loading on phloem | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q32 | Variables explaining mass flow in phloem | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Phloem sieve tube structure and function | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Xylem features supporting adhesion | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Mass flow in transport vessels | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Plant cell wall components | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Apoplast pathway across a root | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Sources and sinks of sugars | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q26 | Leaf vein structure and proton pumps | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q27 | Identifying plant transport tissues | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q28 | Features of xylem vessel elements | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q29 | Importance of lignin in xylem | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q30 | Source and sink sucrose and water potential | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q31 | Mechanism of sucrose loading | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Identifying cell type in a stem micrograph | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Transport pathways in plants | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Incorrect statement on water movement to leaves | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Method of water transport in xylem | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Main function of a companion cell | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q26 | Describing a plant organ from a section | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q28 | Xerophytic adaptations and water potential gradient | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q29 | Plant bulb as source and sink | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q30 | Effect of a respiratory poison on phloem | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q31 | Process of sucrose movement in phloem | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q26 | Water movement and Casparian strip in a root | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q27 | Uptake of water and mineral ions in plants | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q28 | Sucrose loading effects on phloem | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q29 | Mechanism of sucrose loading | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q24 | Features of xylem vessel elements | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Identifying plant transport tissues in sections | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Hydrogen bonding during transpiration | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Transport and storage of metals in plants | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Apoplast pathway route | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Sequence of sucrose loading into phloem | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q26 | Identifying xylem in a plant organ | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q27 | Interpreting a vascular bundle | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q28 | Sucrose unloading effects on phloem | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q29 | Processes in sucrose loading | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q25 | Interpreting a transverse section of a plant tissue | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q26 | Xylem and phloem cell identification | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q27 | Cohesion–tension and air bubbles in xylem | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Phloem loading and unloading effects | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Xerophyte adaptations and water potential gradient |
Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 30 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q5 | 8 | Xylem contents, leaf temperature and root infection |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q5 | 5 | Mesophyte structure and xerophyte modifications |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q1 (b) | 2 | Plant virus spread between cells |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q5 | 6 | Transport of phosphate ions in plants |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 (b)–(c) | 5 | Water pathways across the root |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q3 (d) | 3 | Storage organ as source and sink |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q1 | 7 | Root tissues and xerophyte leaf adaptations |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 (c)–(f) | 13 | Root hair adaptation and root water potential |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q4 (b) | 5 | Phloem structure in a micrograph |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q1 (c) | 1 | Cell type in phloem |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q6 | 7 | Apoplast pathway and potassium ion uptake in roots |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q5 | 7 | Transpiration, vapour pressure deficit and xerophyte features |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q4 (b)–(e) | 14 | Nitrate and amino acid transport in plants |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q4 | 9 | Roles of lignin and suberin in water transport |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 7 | Root tissues and plasmodesmata |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q3 (a) | 3 | Transport cells for assimilates |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q3 (c)–(d) | 5 | Hydrogen bonding and cooling in transpiration |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q6 | 6 | Xylem vessel structure and tension |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q5 | 10 | Sources, sinks and phloem transport |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q6 | 6 | Water movement pathways from soil to atmosphere |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 (b) | 3 | Soil water retention near the root |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 (d) | 7 | Soil microorganisms and mineral nutrient supply |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q5 (a)–(b) | 8 | Phloem and xylem identification and sucrose transport |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q3 | 13 | Phloem structure and water transport in xylem |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q5 (a)–(c) | 9 | Root pathways, xylem identification and xylem cell death |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q6 (b) | 3 | Events of sucrose loading at the source |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q3 | 7 | Water movement and cavitation in xylem |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q6 | 6 | Mineral ions and phloem tissue structure |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q3 | 11 | Xerophytic leaf features and root adaptations to nutrients |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q1 (b)–(c) | 6 | Root pathways and xylem water movement |
Chapter 8: Transport in Mammals
153 past-paper questions
Free chapter preview →
Paper 1 (Multiple Choice): 114 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q30 | Comparing blood plasma and tissue fluid | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q31 | Conditions increasing haemoglobin dissociation | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q32 | Pressure events in the cardiac cycle | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q33 | Membranes crossed by carbon dioxide | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Blood vessel with lowest pressure | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Cause of the Bohr shift | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Heart chamber wall thickness | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q31 | Blood pressure in three vessels | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q32 | Effect of a molecule on haemoglobin affinity | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q33 | Blood flow with a ventricular septal defect | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q29 | Amphibian versus human heart | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q30 | Effect of haemoglobin affinity change | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q31 | Processes behind the Bohr shift | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Oxygen dissociation curves of three animals | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Statements about the mammalian heart | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Transport of carbon dioxide in blood | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q30 | Effects of atrial septal defect | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q31 | Circulation and tissue fluid formation | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q32 | Function of the atrioventricular node | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q33 | Haemoglobin saturation curve data | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Haemoglobin dissociation curves and carbon dioxide | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Transport of carbon dioxide in blood | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Pressure and valve action in the heart | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q30 | Heart defect and red blood cell count | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q31 | Carbon dioxide and the dissociation curve shift | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q32 | Heart block and impulse conduction | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q33 | Hydrostatic pressure in a capillary | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Labelling the heart | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Ventricular volume and atrial systole | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Statements on carbon dioxide transport | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Layers of an artery wall | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q30 | Carbon dioxide effect on dissociation curves | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q31 | Events at start of ventricular diastole | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q32 | Identifying a blood vessel in a micrograph | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q33 | Formation of tissue fluid | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q26 | Order of impulse conduction in the heart | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q27 | Ventricular volume and valve action | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q28 | Haemoglobin dissociation in two species | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q29 | Oxygen binding to haemoglobin | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q28 | Location of the atrioventricular node | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Pressure events in the cardiac cycle | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Components of tissue fluid | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Carbon dioxide movement out of capillaries | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q29 | Atrial systole on a pressure trace | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q30 | Heart damage causing irregular rhythm | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q31 | Carbon dioxide and haemoglobin saturation | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q32 | Reactions in a lung capillary | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Atrial septal defect and blood flow | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Tissue fluid formation | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Red blood cell chemistry in capillaries | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q30 | Factors affecting blood pressure | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q31 | Effect of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q32 | Haemoglobin saturation in different vessels | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q33 | Statements about the Bohr shift | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q34 | Sequence of events in the cardiac cycle | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q29 | Labelling the heart | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Inner layer of veins and capillaries | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Pressure and water potential across a capillary | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Red blood cell changes in respiring muscle | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Pressure changes in the cardiac cycle | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q28 | Processes in a mature red blood cell | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q30 | Blood vessel damage and effects | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q31 | Tissue fluid formation pressures | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q32 | Carbon dioxide transport by red blood cells | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q29 | Plan diagrams of blood vessels | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q30 | Components of blood and tissue fluid | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q31 | Carbonic anhydrase and carbon dioxide transport | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q32 | Order of events in the cardiac cycle | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q33 | Pressure changes and valve timing in the heart | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Events between plasma and red blood cells | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Heart valves during the cardiac cycle | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q33 | Contents of blood in veins | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q34 | Identifying blood vessels in a section | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q35 | Tissue fluid formation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q36 | Ventricular systole | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Identifying artery type in a section | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Effect of impaired impulse conduction in the heart | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Blood composition across a capillary bed | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Haemoglobin dissociation curves in different mammals | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Effects of carbon dioxide on blood chemistry | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q32 | Artery structure and function | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q33 | Events of ventricular systole | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q34 | Cause of excess tissue fluid | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q35 | Effect of a molecule on haemoglobin affinity | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q36 | Carbon dioxide transport and chloride shift | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Comparing blood vessel wall composition | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Effects of a ventricular septal defect | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Structure of the heart | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q32 | Vessels carrying blood into the atria | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q33 | Statements about the cardiac cycle | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q34 | Valve states during the cardiac cycle | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q35 | Formation of haemoglobinic acid | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q36 | Chloride ions and carbon dioxide level | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q37 | Causes of tissue fluid accumulation | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q30 | Artery wall tissues | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q31 | Meaning of systolic pressure | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q32 | Pressure changes and valve action in cardiac cycle | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q33 | Reactions in lung capillaries | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q34 | Chloride shift in red blood cells | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Pressure events in ventricular systole | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Plan diagram of a vein | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Pressure changes in the left heart | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Tissue fluid formation | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Red blood cell chemistry during carbon dioxide uptake | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q30 | Artery wall layers | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q31 | Elastic and muscular arteries | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q32 | Heart rate from pressure graph | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q33 | Events in ventricular systole | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q34 | Reactions in lung capillaries | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q30 | Identifying heart chambers | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Route of blood through the heart | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Blood vessel wall tissue comparison | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Pressures in heart chambers | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Pressure changes in the cardiac cycle |
Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 37 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q2 (b)–(c) | 10 | Hyperventilation effects and artery wall structure |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 (c) | 3 | Blood supply and tissue fluid in a villus |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q6 | 9 | Cardiac sequence and haemoglobin structure and saturation |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q6 (a)–(c) | 13 | Heart structure, myogenic control and tissue fluid |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q6 | 12 | Haemoglobin structure and oxygen binding |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q2 (b) | 5 | Substances in respiratory gas transport |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q5 (c) | 3 | Desirable features of artificial blood |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q6 (c) | 3 | Cardiac cycle control passage |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q3 | 8 | Heart anatomy, cardiac cycle and sinoatrial control |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q2 (a) | 2 | Blood vessel types in circulation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q2 (c)–(d) | 6 | Diving adaptations and heart rate regulation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q5 (b)–(c) | 9 | Oxygen dissociation data and red blood cell structure |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q1 (b) | 5 | Cardiac events ensuring regular blood supply |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q2 (b)–(c) | 10 | Circulation and arteriole structure |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q1 (c) | 5 | Identifying blood vessels in tissue |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q6 (c) | 3 | Coronary artery narrowing |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q3 (a) | 3 | Features of blood vessel types |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q3 (c) | 3 | Blood vessels associated with the heart |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 (b)–(c) | 10 | Blood adaptations to dehydration and altitude |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q4 (c) | 4 | Heart condition and circulation |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 6 | Blood supply to liver and sinusoids |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q5 (e) | 3 | Infection of arterial wall |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q3 (b)–(d) | 8 | Carbon dioxide transport and oxygen dissociation |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q6 | 6 | Heart walls, valves and control of heartbeat |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q5 | 11 | Capillary structure and carbon dioxide transport in blood |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q1 | 7 | Control of the cardiac cycle |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q3 (b) | 6 | Carbonic anhydrase and oxygen release |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q5 (a) | 1 | Circulation connections of an ECMO circuit |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q5 (c)–(d) | 5 | Artery wall structure and carbon dioxide transport |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q2 (a) | 6 | Closed double circulation and heart valves |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q1 | 11 | Mammalian circulation, heart and carbon dioxide transport |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q6 | 4 | Red blood cell events in lung capillaries |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q1 (c) | 3 | Effects of hyperventilation on blood |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q3 (c)–(e) | 6 | Circulatory system types and heart vessels |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 (d) | 2 | Enzyme location in red blood cells |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q6 | 5 | Control of the cardiac cycle |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q5 (a)–(d) | 9 | Heart rhythm, blood flow and gas transport |
Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 2 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q10 (a) | 4 | Oxygen storage in a diving mammal |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (b)–(c) | 6 | Blood volume overload and kidney disease data |
Chapter 9: Gas Exchange
84 past-paper questions
Free chapter preview →
Paper 1 (Multiple Choice): 63 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q34 | Epithelial cell types in airways | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q35 | Tissues in the tracheal wall | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q36 | Cells in the gas exchange system | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Identifying bronchus structures | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q34 | Identifying cartilage in a bronchus | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q35 | Maintaining concentration gradient in alveoli | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q33 | Membranes crossed by oxygen in the lung | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q34 | Asthma drug action on airways | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q35 | Identifying airway smooth muscle | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Tissues in trachea and bronchus walls | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q36 | Maintaining diffusion gradient at the alveolus | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q34 | Function of smooth muscle in airways | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q35 | Feature maintaining steep gradient in lungs | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Identifying airway epithelium in a micrograph | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Distribution of cartilage and smooth muscle in airways | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Layers crossed by oxygen in alveoli | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q34 | Function of cilia | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q35 | Tissues in trachea and alveolus | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q36 | Identifying cartilage in a bronchus | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Features of the gas exchange surface | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Insect tracheal system | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Trachea and bronchus wall tissues | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q34 | Structures in trachea and bronchioles | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q35 | Identifying tissue in a gas exchange micrograph | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q36 | Function of goblet cells | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q30 | Alveolar adaptations | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q31 | Diffusion across the gas exchange surface | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q32 | Tissues present in a bronchus | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q33 | Maintaining steep concentration gradients in lungs | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Maintaining gas exchange gradients | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Distribution of cartilage in airways | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Goblet cells and mucus in smokers | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q33 | Cartilage in the gas exchange system | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q34 | Partial pressures driving gas exchange | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q35 | Trachea tissue preventing collapse | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q36 | Cell layers crossed by oxygen | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q36 | Cartilage and cilia in airways | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Tissues of the gas exchange system | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q35 | Gas exchange across alveolar capillaries | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q34 | Features of all bronchioles | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Identifying an electron micrograph of airways | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q33 | Tissues in trachea, bronchi and bronchioles | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q34 | Identifying part of the gas exchange system | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q35 | Factors for efficient diffusion in the lungs | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q34 | Effect of shallow breathing on gas exchange | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q35 | Features of bronchioles | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Location of squamous epithelium | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q36 | Gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Diffusion distance across the gas exchange barrier | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q37 | Identifying tissue in the gas exchange system | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q38 | Membranes crossed by oxygen | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q36 | Alveolar adaptations for gas exchange | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q37 | Annotating a bronchus section | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q36 | Alveolar wall composition | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Functions of cilia | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q35 | Interpreting airway lining micrographs | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q36 | Preventing alveolar collapse | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Structure of the gas exchange system | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q36 | Specialised features of airway cell types | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q35 | Features aiding diffusion at the alveolus | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q36 | Airway sections under the microscope | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Bronchiole structure and gas exchange | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q36 | Interpreting a section of gas exchange tissue |
Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 21 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q6 (b) | 4 | Alveolar adaptations for gas exchange |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 (b) | 1 | Role of mucus from goblet cells |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q4 (d) | 3 | Lung tissue in a micrograph |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q3 (c) | 3 | Goblet cells and airway protection |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q3 (a) | 3 | Bronchus tissues and wall function |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 (d) | 5 | Pathogen attachment to alveolar tissue |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q1 (a) | 7 | Gas exchange system structures and cartilage |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q4 (a) | 5 | Bronchial lining adaptation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q1 (a) | 2 | Smooth muscle role in airways |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q3 (b) | 5 | Gas exchange between alveolus and capillary |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q5 | 8 | Bronchus structure and surfactant in alveoli |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 4 | Blood flow and elastic fibres in alveoli |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q6 | 7 | Airway branching and gas exchange regions |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q2 (c) | 4 | Effects of tuberculosis on the gas exchange system |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 (c) | 2 | Mucus and healthy gas exchange surfaces |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q5 (b) | 4 | Gas exchange membrane function |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 | 8 | Epithelium and structure of airways |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q1 (a)–(b) | 6 | Lung tissues and glands protecting the airways |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q5 (b)–(c) | 5 | Bronchial epithelium cell types and tissues |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q1 | 9 | Trachea structure and airway branching |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q5 (e) | 3 | Protective cells of the gas exchange system |
Chapter 10: Infectious Diseases
92 past-paper questions
Free chapter preview →
Paper 1 (Multiple Choice): 58 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q36 | Trend in tuberculosis cases | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q37 | Vector-borne disease control | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q38 | Mode of action of penicillin | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Global distribution of malaria | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q36 | Pathogens causing malaria and tuberculosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q37 | Preventing a cholera outbreak | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q38 | Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection graph | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q36 | Features of infectious diseases | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q37 | Why cholera persists despite vaccination | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q38 | Reducing antibiotic resistance impact | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Comparing two infectious diseases | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Limits of antibiotics in treating cholera | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q37 | How resistance to penicillin develops | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q40 | Disease caused by a eukaryotic pathogen | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Cholera pathogen and transmission | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q36 | Tuberculosis facts | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Spread of tropical disease with climate change | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q37 | Cell features targeted by penicillin | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q38 | Cholera and its transmission | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Statements about penicillin | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Control methods for diseases | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Gram staining and bacterial cell walls | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q37 | Organisms affected by penicillin | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q38 | Malaria data and prevention calculation | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q34 | Antibiotic treatment trial for cholera | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q35 | Effect of penicillin on bacteria | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q36 | Calculating growth in resistant infections | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q35 | Disease caused by a bacterium | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q36 | How a cell wall antibiotic kills bacteria | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Antibiotic concentration and resistance development | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q37 | Bacterial cell wall differences and antibiotics | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q38 | Facts about tuberculosis | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Antibiotic resistance in tuberculosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q36 | Pathogens and diseases | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q37 | Antibiotic resistance trend graph | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q36 | Describing infectious diseases | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Effect of ribosome-blocking antibiotic on bacteria | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Preventing antibiotic resistance increase | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q36 | Reasons tuberculosis is hard to eliminate | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q37 | Reducing antibiotic resistance | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q38 | Antibiotic zone of inhibition test | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q36 | Pathogens and modes of transmission | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q37 | Development of antibiotic-resistant populations | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q38 | Interpreting antibiotic inhibition zones | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Features of tuberculosis | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Air filter and pathogen size | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q39 | Cholera facts | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Definition of infectious disease | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Disease spread after poor sanitation | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Why viruses are unaffected by antibiotics | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q38 | Evolution of penicillin resistance | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Control strategies for cholera and tuberculosis | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q38 | Bacterial resistance by active transport | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q37 | Reducing antibiotic resistance | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Difficulty of controlling tuberculosis | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q37 | Terms for malaria transmission | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q37 | Cholera transmission and control | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Mode of action of penicillin |
Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 33 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q4 (b)–(c) | 9 | Cholera transmission and oral vaccine use |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 5 | Pathogen identity and prevention of waterborne disease |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q5 | 4 | Antibiotic modes of action |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q4 (a)–(c) | 4 | Tuberculosis pathogen, transmission and treatment |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q3 (b) | 3 | Biofilm and infection through wounds |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q3 (d) | 6 | Antibiotic action on bacterial cell walls |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q4 (c) | 5 | Tuberculosis cause and drug treatment |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q3 (b)–(c) | 9 | Early diagnosis, vaccination and disease control |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 (a) | 2 | Control methods for HIV transmission |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q5 (a) | 1 | Malaria species |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q6 (b) | 6 | Bacterial toxin action on epithelial cells |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q3 | 12 | Pathogen identification, HIV replication and drug prevention |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 (c) | 4 | Vaccination programmes for disease control |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q3 (b) | 3 | Comparing antibacterial agents |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q6 (a)–(b) | 3 | HIV terminology and treatment for control |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q1 (c) | 3 | Comparing transmission by a vector with other routes |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q4 (a) | 5 | HIV infection data across regions |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q5 (a)–(c) | 4 | Tuberculosis species, control and transmission |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q1 (a) | 3 | Effect of parasite on red blood cells |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q4 (b)–(c) | 5 | Disease causing organisms and transmission |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 7 | Disease incidence trends and antibiotic resistance |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q4 (a) | 3 | Infectious disease definition and causative organism |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q4 (d) | 4 | Vaccination programme and disease eradication |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q5 (d) | 4 | Insect vectors of plant disease |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q3 | 11 | Malaria pathogen, combination therapy and blood smear |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q2 (b)–(d) | 8 | Tuberculosis case data and control difficulties |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q5 (a) | 1 | Meaning of transmissible |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q5 (c) | 6 | Cholera outbreak data analysis |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q2 (a) | 4 | Treating dehydration in diarrhoeal disease |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q2 (c) | 2 | Evaluating a diagnostic test |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q4 (b)–(d) | 5 | Pathogen terminology, transmission and toxin action |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 (a) | 1 | Causative agent of a bacterial disease |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 (d) | 3 | Disease statistics and co-infection |
Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 1 question
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q8 (a) | 3 | Disease diagnosis and control |
Chapter 11: Immunity
99 past-paper questions
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Paper 1 (Multiple Choice): 68 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q39 | Cell types in the hybridoma method | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 11 | Q40 | Non-specific immune response | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q33 | Identifying a blood cell | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Identifying a self antigen | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Antibody antigen-binding sites | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q39 | Interpreting vaccine response data | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 13 | Q40 | Immune response sequence to a toxin vaccine | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q32 | Identifying a white blood cell | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q39 | Toxoid vaccine action | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 11 | Q40 | Effect of fewer T-helper cells | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q31 | Identifying blood cell types | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Steps of phagocytosis | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Antibody injection versus vaccination | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q36 | Antibody structure | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q38 | Events of phagocytosis | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 13 | Q39 | Functions of plasma cells | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Bonds in antibody structure | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Use of monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Immune components affected by HIV | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q39 | Memory cells in the secondary response | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 11 | Q40 | Why new influenza vaccines are needed | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q36 | Monoclonal antibodies for toxin detection | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Duration of passive immunity | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q39 | Roles of lymphocyte types | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 13 | Q40 | Steps of the primary immune response | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q37 | Protection of infants by passive immunity | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q38 | Interpreting a blood cell micrograph | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q39 | Role of mitosis in the immune response | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 11 | Q40 | Fusion of cells in monoclonal antibody production | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Sequence of the primary immune response | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Antibody binding sites | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Monoclonal antibody production | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q39 | Events in the primary immune response | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 13 | Q40 | Immunity to repeated influenza infection | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Suitability of monoclonal antibodies for therapy | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Vaccination and disease incidence graph | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q38 | Responses of B-lymphocytes | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q39 | Uses of monoclonal antibodies | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 11 | Q40 | How vaccination programmes control spread | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Transplant rejection and immune cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Antibody structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q29 | Identifying white blood cells | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q39 | Responses of phagocytes | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 13 | Q40 | Mechanism of mRNA vaccines | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q28 | Identifying white blood cell types | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q39 | Blood cells that do not engulf pathogens | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 11 | Q40 | Type of immunity after repeated infection | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Factors affecting success of vaccination programmes | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 13 | Q40 | Hybridoma method | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Phagocyte mode of action | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q39 | Vaccine administration and macrophages | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 11 | Q40 | Monoclonal antibody production statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q32 | Identifying a monocyte in a blood smear | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Effects of vaccination | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Statements about antibody structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q39 | Primary versus secondary immune response | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 13 | Q40 | B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q38 | Monoclonal antibody action on T-lymphocytes | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q39 | Blood group antigens and antibodies | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 11 | Q40 | Action of cytokines from T-helper cells | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q38 | Passive immunisation against a viral disease | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Blood group antigens and antibodies | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Cell types in the primary immune response | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q38 | Monoclonal antibody therapy mechanisms | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q39 | Blood group transfusion compatibility | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 13 | Q40 | Events of the primary immune response | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q39 | Monoclonal antibody production by hybridoma | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 12 | Q40 | Types of immunity |
Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 31 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q6 (a) | 5 | Macrophage action and phagocytosis |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q2 (c) | 7 | Vaccination and passive immunisation |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q6 (d) | 7 | Vaccination and T-lymphocyte response to measles |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q4 (e) | 5 | Granuloma formation in immune response |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q5 (a) | 1 | Antibody binding to specific surface molecules |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q6 (c) | 6 | Sandwich ELISA for disease diagnosis |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q2 (d) | 4 | Phagocytosis of cell debris |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q6 (a)–(b) | 8 | Monoclonal antibody production and therapeutic use |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 7 | Vaccination and antibody response to infection |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q4 (d)–(g) | 8 | Blood cell lineage and T-lymphocyte selection |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q5 | 9 | T-lymphocyte roles and vaccination programme |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q6 | 6 | Antibody structure and diversity |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 (b) | 3 | Phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q1 (d) | 6 | Vaccine and long-term immunity |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 (a) | 3 | Types of white blood cell |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q6 | 8 | HIV, T-helper cells and monoclonal antibodies |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q4 (b) | 4 | Immune deficiency and tuberculosis risk |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q5 (d) | 2 | Immune containment of bacteria in lungs |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q1 (c)–(d) | 8 | Antibodies and vaccination programmes |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 7 | Non-self antigens and immune cells |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q3 (a) | 4 | Identifying blood cells and measuring size |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q4 (b) | 6 | Immune response in an autoimmune condition |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q4 (b)–(c) | 4 | Passive immunity and antigenic variation |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q2 (b) | 6 | Antibody structure in plasma |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q4 | 8 | Virosome vaccines and influenza surface proteins |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q2 (g) | 4 | Dormant virus and immune function |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q2 (a) | 6 | Phagocytosis by macrophages and lysosomes |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q2 (b)–(c) | 7 | Hybridoma method and passive immunity limits |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q2 (b) | 5 | Monoclonal antibody diagnostic dipstick |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q4 (e) | 6 | Monoclonal antibodies against a bacterial surface |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 (e) | 3 | Role of T-helper cells in HIV infection |
Chapter 12: Energy and Respiration
32 past-paper questions
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Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 32 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q7 | 9 | ATP properties and oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 (a)–(b) | 4 | Flooded roots and fermentation products |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q7 | 9 | ATP properties and oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 11 | Energy currency, glycolysis and mitochondrial pyruvate entry |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q2 | 5 | Respirometer and temperature effect on respiration |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 10 | Electron transport chain and cyanide inhibition |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q1 (b)–(c) | 7 | Link reaction and pyruvate transport defects |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 10 | Respiratory substrates, quotient and energy value |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q8 | 10 | Link reaction, Krebs cycle and role of NAD |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q3 | 11 | Stages of respiration and respiratory substrate measurement |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 7 | Redox indicator and temperature effect on yeast respiration |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q3 | 11 | Stages of respiration and respiratory substrate measurement |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 10 | Mitochondrion, oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 11 | Mitochondrial membrane proteins and genes |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q8 | 9 | Mitochondrial membranes and quality control |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 9 | Respirometer investigation of respiration |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q5 | 7 | Respiratory quotient and fermentation |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 9 | Fermentation, anaerobic respiration and flooded roots |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q5 | 7 | Respiratory quotient and fermentation |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a) | 9 | Aerenchyma and flooded plants |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q9 | 7 | Respiration deficiency and coenzymes |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 9 | Glycolysis, pyruvate transport and link reaction |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 9 | Krebs cycle and ATP as energy currency |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 9 | Mitochondrion structure and oxidative phosphorylation |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q3 | 14 | Mitochondrial structure and ATP transport |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 | 11 | Anaerobic respiration in yeast and bioethanol production |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q3 | 14 | Mitochondrial structure and ATP transport |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q3 | 9 | Aerobic respiration stages and chemiosmosis |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 | 9 | Link reaction and glycolysis |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q3 | 10 | Phosphorylation, coenzymes and link reaction control |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a) | 6 | Mitochondrial movement and energy supply in neurones |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 11 | Oxidative phosphorylation and yeast respiration |
Chapter 13: Photosynthesis
30 past-paper questions
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Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 30 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 9 | Pigment separation and absorption spectra |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q9 | 11 | Action spectrum and temperature effects on photosynthesis |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 9 | Pigment separation and absorption spectra |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q4 | 14 | Artificial versus natural photosynthesis |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q8 (c) | 5 | Light intensity and rate of photosynthesis |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q7 | 10 | Chloroplast structure, chromatography and absorption spectra |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q9 | 9 | Photosynthetic pigments and light response of mutants |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q4 (b)–(c) | 8 | Photosynthesis rate and photophosphorylation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 13 | Chromatography, pigments and light-independent stage |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q4 (b)–(c) | 8 | Photosynthesis rate and photophosphorylation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q5 | 13 | Light-dependent stage and energy transfer efficiency |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 9 | Temperature and light effects, non-cyclic photophosphorylation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q7 | 10 | Light intensity, photosynthesis rate and photophosphorylation |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 10 | Light-dependent stage and limiting factors |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 13 | Chloroplast structure, Calvin cycle and products |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q8 | 6 | Limiting factors and light effect on gene expression |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q8 | 12 | Light-dependent stage, Calvin intermediates and temperature |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 13 | Chloroplast structure, Calvin cycle and products |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q8 | 6 | Limiting factors and light effect on gene expression |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 11 | Chloroplast structure and pigment chromatography |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q8 | 9 | Rubisco activity and Calvin cycle |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q8 | 12 | Chloroplast gradients, pigments and absorption spectra |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q8 | 11 | Chloroplast membranes and rubisco regulation |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q2 | 9 | Pigments, spectra and limiting factors in photosynthesis |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 | 12 | Chloroplast structure and stromal pH in light |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 9 | Pigments, spectra and limiting factors in photosynthesis |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q2 | 14 | Chloroplast structure, cyclic phosphorylation and accessory pigments |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 | 15 | Limiting factors and Calvin cycle enzyme |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 13 | Photophosphorylation, herbicides and Calvin cycle enzyme |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 10 | Gas exchange in photosynthesis and carnivorous plants |
Chapter 14: Homeostasis
42 past-paper questions
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Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 42 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q9 | 6 | Kidney regions and glucose biosensor |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 11 | Insulin signalling and glucose biosensor |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q9 | 6 | Kidney regions and glucose biosensor |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q6 | 8 | Kidney nephron function and tissue tests |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q7 | 11 | Insulin signalling and meal effects on glucose |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 12 | Guard cell structure and stomatal movement |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q6 | 12 | Excretion, ultrafiltration and medulla thickness |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 11 | Blood glucose regulation by hormones |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q2 | 11 | Daily rhythm of stomatal opening |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q6 | 11 | Urea, osmoregulation and kidney function |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 9 | Nephron filtration, reabsorption and sweating response |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q10 | 10 | Principles of homeostasis and glycogen disorders |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 11 | Daily rhythm of stomatal opening |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q6 | 11 | Urea, osmoregulation and kidney function |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 10 | Stomatal opening and conductance experiment |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 8 | Osmoreceptors, ADH and urine production |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q10 | 8 | Blood glucose regulation and testing |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 12 | ADH signalling and diabetes insipidus |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q6 | 9 | Stomatal opening and closing |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 8 | Nephron structure and reabsorption |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q3 (c)–(d) | 11 | Stomatal response and abscisic acid action |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 14 | Glucagon signalling and diabetes testing |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q9 (a) | 4 | Control of blood water potential by ADH |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q3 (c)–(d) | 11 | Stomatal response and abscisic acid action |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q5 | 12 | Nephron filtration and hormone action on kidney cells |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 15 | Glomerular filtration and selective reabsorption |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q9 (b) | 4 | Blood glucose control after a meal |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q6 | 14 | Ultrafiltration and ADH action in the kidney |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 10 | Kidney structure and osmoregulation |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q8 | 11 | Nephron structure and ADH action |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q10 | 5 | Homeostasis terminology passage |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q8 | 9 | Selective reabsorption in the proximal tubule |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q10 (a) | 4 | Glucagon and blood glucose concentration |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q8 | 11 | Nephron structure and ADH action |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q10 | 5 | Homeostasis terminology passage |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q6 | 10 | Blood glucose control and biosensors |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q9 | 6 | Stomata, guard cells and ion movement |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q9 | 7 | Ultrafiltration in the kidney |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 9 | Osmoregulation and kidney medulla thickness |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q10 | 10 | Insulin and glucagon in blood glucose control |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (d) | 3 | Action of diuretics on the nephron |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q10 | 7 | Guard cell structure and abscisic acid action |
Chapter 15: Control and Coordination
43 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 2 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 (d) | 3 | Peptide hormone cell signalling |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q1 (d) | 5 | Regulatory protein in muscle contraction |
Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 41 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (c) | 4 | Gibberellin in seed germination |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q5 | 13 | Endocrine versus nervous coordination and muscle structure |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 7 | Plant touch response and action potentials |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q10 | 10 | Impulse speed, neuromuscular junction and sarcomere |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (c) | 4 | Gibberellin in seed germination |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q5 | 13 | Endocrine versus nervous coordination and muscle structure |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q10 | 12 | Action potential events and myelin advantage |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 11 | Resting potential and ion imbalance in neurones |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q9 | 13 | Nervous coordination and muscle contraction |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q10 | 7 | Synapse transmission and neurotransmitter pathway |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 8 | Neurone structure and action potentials in two animals |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a) | 3 | Touch response and signalling in a plant |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q8 | 11 | Motor neurone, muscle contraction and synaptic disorder |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 8 | Neurone structure and action potentials in two animals |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q4 (a) | 3 | Touch response and signalling in a plant |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q2 | 10 | Paracrine signalling and muscle cell gene expression |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q10 | 6 | Chemoreceptors and sensory signalling |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q8 | 15 | Neurone structure, impulse speed and synaptic drugs |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q10 | 10 | Resting potential, action potential and axon speed |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q9 | 11 | Light response of seeds and auxin in elongation |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q10 | 10 | Muscle contraction, paralytic drugs and dystrophy |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q7 | 9 | Neuromuscular junction, muscle contraction and signalling |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 9 | Mitochondria at synapses, inhibition and demyelination |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q9 (b) | 4 | Comparing endocrine and nervous systems |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q7 | 9 | Neuromuscular junction, muscle contraction and signalling |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q7 (b) | 8 | Inhibitory synapse transmission |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 7 | Muscle contraction and neurotoxin action |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q9 (a) | 6 | Endocrine system terms |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q7 | 8 | Sarcomere action and muscle fibre data |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q9 | 8 | Neurotransmitter action at brain synapses |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 7 | Synapse transmission and neurone types |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q9 | 10 | Sarcomere structure and neuromuscular paralysis |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q9 | 8 | Neuromuscular junction and muscle contraction |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q9 | 6 | Voltage-gated channels and myelin in impulses |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q9 | 8 | Neuromuscular junction and muscle contraction |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q1 (b)–(c) | 6 | Muscle contraction and synaptic calcium ions |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q10 | 9 | Neurone structure and action potentials |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 9 | Gibberellin, amylase and seed germination |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q8 | 9 | Sensory receptor and generator potential |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q6 | 9 | Sensory receptor signalling and calcium ions |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q9 | 6 | Myelinated neurone structure and impulse speed |
Chapter 16: Inheritance
54 past-paper questions
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Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 54 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 9 | Dihybrid inheritance and gene types |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a) | 3 | Genetic terminology for coat colour |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q10 | 6 | Gene, protein and phenotype in genetic diseases |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 (c) | 5 | Gibberellin and stem length |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 | 8 | Genetic terms and monohybrid cross |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q3 | 12 | Gene regulation in the lac operon |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 9 | Dihybrid inheritance and gene types |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 (a) | 3 | Genetic terminology for coat colour |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q10 | 6 | Gene, protein and phenotype in genetic diseases |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a) | 2 | X-linked inheritance pedigree |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q8 | 6 | Gibberellin and stem elongation gene expression |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a) | 6 | Dihybrid gene interaction in a crop |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 | 8 | Meiosis, fertilisation and chromosome number |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 | 9 | Induction of the lac operon |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a) | 3 | Genetic diagram for a recessive condition |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 5 | Describing a stage of meiosis |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q5 | 8 | Haploid cells, asexual and sexual reproduction, meiosis |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q10 (a)–(c) | 8 | Inheritance of wing colour and allele locus test |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 | 6 | Monohybrid and dihybrid cross ratios |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q5 | 8 | Haploid cells, asexual and sexual reproduction, meiosis |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q10 (a)–(c) | 8 | Inheritance of wing colour and allele locus test |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q3 (c) | 1 | Binding site of transcription factors |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q6 | 8 | Homologous chromosomes, alleles and gene interaction |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 | 11 | Multiple alleles and codominance in inheritance |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 | 11 | Gene to phenotype and gibberellin gene control |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q3 | 12 | Gene pathway and gene to protein to phenotype |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q5 (a) | 1 | Chromosome breaks in meiosis |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 | 7 | Monohybrid cross results and gibberellin gene action |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a) | 2 | Genetic terms homozygous and recessive |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 (c) | 3 | Dominant allele inheritance in cattle |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 5 | Flower colour inheritance and gene interaction |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q6 | 11 | Mutation, inheritance ratios and meiosis variation |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a)–(c) | 12 | Life cycle, mitosis, meiosis and mutation effects |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 9 | Dihybrid test cross and chi-squared test |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 5 | Flower colour inheritance and gene interaction |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q6 | 11 | Mutation, inheritance ratios and meiosis variation |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q6 | 13 | Dihybrid inheritance and independent assortment |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q8 | 4 | Chromosome behaviour in prophase I |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q10 | 6 | Inheritance of height |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 | 7 | Meiosis and chromosome behaviour |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q3 | 10 | Control of gene expression in operons |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q5 | 13 | Chi-squared test and sex-linked dihybrid cross |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 8 | Meiosis stages and purpose |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q6 (c) | 6 | Gibberellin and dwarf phenotypes |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q7 | 8 | X-linked inheritance and pigment gene expression |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 13 | Operons and hormone control of gene expression |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 10 | Sex-linked inheritance and test cross |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q6 (c) | 6 | Gibberellin and dwarf phenotypes |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q7 | 8 | X-linked inheritance and pigment gene expression |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q7 | 8 | Alleles, codominance and test crosses |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 8 | Inheritance of fur colour pigment gene |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 9 | Control of gene expression in the lac operon |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q7 | 11 | Epistasis and gene mutation |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q4 | 15 | Meiosis and dihybrid inheritance |
Chapter 17: Selection and Evolution
47 past-paper questions
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Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 47 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q2 (b) | 7 | Inbred maize varieties and crossing data |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q4 (b)–(c) | 8 | Disease selection pressure and antibody frequency data |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 | 6 | Evolution of antibiotic resistance |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q2 (b) | 7 | Inbred maize varieties and crossing data |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 (b)–(c) | 8 | Disease selection pressure and antibody frequency data |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (b) | 3 | Founder effect and allele frequency |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q5 (a)–(b) | 6 | Bill size selection in a finch population |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 | 6 | Factors changing allele frequencies |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q3 (b)–(c) | 8 | Selective advantage and domestication |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 11 | Natural and artificial selection and antibiotic resistance |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 | 8 | Speciation and evolutionary relationships from DNA |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 8 | Divergence of populations into distinct forms |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q3 (b) | 1 | Spread of resistance genes between bacteria |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 (b)–(e) | 12 | Allele origin, selection and Hardy–Weinberg calculation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q7 | 12 | Phenotypic variation and evolutionary relationships |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 | 9 | Processes changing allele frequencies and selective breeding |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 12 | Types of variation and vitamin storage data |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q7 | 12 | Phenotypic variation and evolutionary relationships |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a) | 4 | Evolution of resistance to a pathogen |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q7 (a) | 4 | Mutation rate, lifespan and adaptation speed |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q8 (b) | 6 | Adaptation and divergence of related species |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q9 | 6 | Continuous and discontinuous variation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 | 9 | Phenotypic variation, evolution and DNA evidence |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 7 | Sources of phenotypic variation |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (b) | 6 | Calculating carrier frequency of an allele |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 5 | Environmental stress and adapted breeds |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 6 | Evolution and speciation completion passage |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q9 | 10 | Evolution of sense organs and speciation |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 | 7 | Selective breeding for disease resistance |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q9 | 10 | Evolution of sense organs and speciation |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q3 (b) | 3 | Adaptation of wild species to habitats |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 | 11 | Selection and variation in a plant population |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 10 | Selection of a resistance allele |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 7 | Evolution of antibiotic resistance |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q10 (a) | 4 | Adaptations to climate in a large mammal |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (c) | 5 | Evolution of antibiotic resistance |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a) | 3 | Continuous variation and its causes |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q5 | 10 | Speciation and environmental change in alpine plants |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q6 (a)–(b) | 7 | Selective breeding of crop varieties |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 10 | Evolutionary relationships and speciation on islands |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q5 | 10 | Speciation and environmental change in alpine plants |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q6 (a)–(b) | 7 | Selective breeding of crop varieties |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q5 | 14 | Speciation, selection and genetic drift |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 14 | Speciation and evolutionary relationships |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q5 | 14 | Subspecies formation, genetic analysis and population bottleneck |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q1 (a) | 5 | Founder effect and allele frequency change |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q8 | 8 | Natural and artificial selection |
Chapter 18: Classification, Biodiversity and Conservation
42 past-paper questions
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Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 42 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q2 (a) | 6 | Comparing a fungus with a plant |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q6 | 11 | Red List assessment and species reintroduction |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q8 | 12 | Biodiversity levels, diversity index and crop plantation |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q2 (a) | 6 | Comparing a fungus with a plant |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q6 | 11 | Red List assessment and species reintroduction |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q5 (c) | 8 | Invasive species and tourism data |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q9 | 6 | Domains and taxonomic ranks |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q8 (a)–(b) | 6 | Features of fungi and symbiotic partnership |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q9 | 9 | Quadrat sampling and correlation with altitude |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q10 (b) | 3 | Conservation measures for endangered mammals |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q8 | 7 | Conservation status and animal kingdom features |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q10 | 8 | Ecosystem definition and population estimation |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 (c) | 2 | Extinction risk factors for small populations |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q7 | 13 | Endangered species data, biodiversity and captive breeding |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q9 | 9 | Kingdoms and pollution indicator organisms |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q10 (d) | 2 | Mark-release-recapture estimate |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q9 | 10 | Endangered mammal causes and captive breeding |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q9 | 9 | Kingdoms and pollution indicator organisms |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q10 (d) | 2 | Mark-release-recapture estimate |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q8 (a) | 3 | Role of a conservation organisation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q8 (c) | 4 | Measuring diversity in disturbed habitats |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q9 | 8 | Invasive species and assisted reproduction in conservation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q9 | 10 | Atmospheric carbon dioxide trends and plant biodiversity |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q8 (b)–(d) | 8 | Classification of animals, domains and viruses |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q2 | 14 | Levels of biodiversity and genetic variation data |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d) | 2 | Features of fungi |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q10 | 8 | Population estimation and invasive plant species |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 14 | Levels of biodiversity and genetic variation data |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q2 | 14 | Ecosystem restoration, sampling and recovery data |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q4 (c) | 3 | Using sequence databases for evolutionary relationships |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q10 | 10 | Zoo conservation, captive breeding and IVF |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q10 (b) | 5 | Climate change effects on biodiversity |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q10 | 12 | Biodiversity assessment and Red List data |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 9 | Endangered species, IUCN role and captive breeding |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 9 | IUCN role, conservation and assisted reproduction |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 9 | Endangered species, IUCN role and captive breeding |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q1 (a) | 3 | Classification of an organism to domain and kingdom |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q8 | 12 | Extinction trends and importance of biodiversity |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q10 | 11 | Population estimation, conservation and animal kingdom features |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q8 | 9 | Endangered species status, trade control and zoos |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q1 (b) | 4 | Reasons to control invasive species |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q9 | 8 | Species concepts and domains |
Chapter 19: Genetic Technology
37 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (AS Level Structured): 1 question
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q4 (d) | 5 | Viral drug for cancer treatment |
Paper 4 (A Level Structured): 36 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q8 | 9 | Genetically modified crop and enzymes for gene transfer |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 14 | PCR, gel electrophoresis and gene therapy |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q8 | 9 | Genetically modified crop and enzymes for gene transfer |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (c)–(e) | 8 | Microarrays, databases and gene editing |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 12 | Obtaining genes and producing recombinant insulin |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q5 | 12 | Recombinant protein production and marker genes |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a) | 9 | Genetic testing before drug treatment |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q8 | 9 | Gene synthesis, enzymes and PCR |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 | 13 | Genetic engineering, gene therapy and gene editing |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q8 | 9 | Gene synthesis, enzymes and PCR |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q4 (b)–(d) | 11 | Environmental DNA, quantitative PCR and fluorescent markers |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q7 (b) | 4 | Selective breeding versus genetic engineering |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 10 | Genetic testing, PCR and screening |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q4 | 10 | Enzymes, plasmids and insulin production |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q5 (b)–(c) | 10 | Tumour suppressor mutations and gene editing |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (c) | 6 | Genetic screening and its implications |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 (d) | 6 | Gene editing and frameshift mutation |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q4 | 7 | Recombinant DNA and transgenic crop plants |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q10 | 7 | Applications of genetic technology in medicine |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 | 10 | Marker genes, herbicide resistance and microarrays |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q4 | 7 | Recombinant DNA and transgenic crop plants |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q10 | 7 | Applications of genetic technology in medicine |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 8 | Recombinant proteins and insulin variation |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 | 12 | Restriction enzymes, databases and electrophoresis |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q4 | 10 | Gene therapy and enzyme replacement |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 8 | Controlling gene expression in recombinant bacteria |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 (b) | 7 | Hormone use in fish growth experiment |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 | 10 | Genome analysis using microarrays |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q4 | 13 | Genetic engineering, gene therapy and gene editing |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q4 | 13 | Genetic engineering, gene therapy and gene editing |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q4 | 13 | Genetic engineering, gene therapy and gene editing |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q4 | 9 | Genetic engineering and gene editing techniques |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q4 | 9 | Genetic engineering and gene editing techniques |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q4 | 9 | Genetic engineering and gene editing techniques |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (b) | 4 | Gene therapy using viral vectors |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 8 | Recombinant protein production |
Revise the chapter before you practise. Our AS & A Level Biology 9700 notes cover every syllabus statement with worked examples, common mistakes from examiner reports, 20 MCQs per chapter and original exam-style questions with full mark schemes.
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