Free resource · Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry 0620
IGCSE Chemistry 0620 past paper questions by topic (2022–2025)
Every question from the 84 Extended papers of 2022–2025 — Paper 2 (Multiple Choice), Paper 4 (Theory), Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical) — sorted into the 22 chapters of our Chemistry notes: 1,642 questions. Pick a chapter, then open the official paper and go straight to the question number. Questions on content that is no longer in the current syllabus are left out.
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- States of Matter (52)
- Atoms, Elements and Isotopes (78)
- Bonding and Structure (120)
- Formulae, Equations and Relative Masses (42)
- The Mole and Calculations (92)
- Electrolysis and Fuel Cells (78)
- Chemical Energetics (72)
- Chemical Changes and Rates of Reaction (69)
- Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium (90)
- Redox (48)
- Acids, Bases and Oxides (80)
- Preparation of Salts (51)
- The Periodic Table (113)
- Metals, Alloys and Reactivity (74)
- Corrosion and Extraction of Metals (74)
- Water and Fertilisers (31)
- Air Quality and Climate (58)
- Organic Chemistry: Fuels and Alkanes (87)
- Alkenes, Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids (116)
- Polymers (58)
- Experimental Techniques and Separation (104)
- Identification of Ions and Gases (55)
Chapter 1: States of Matter
52 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 48 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q1 | Heated gas: pressure and particle energy | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q2 | Diffusion rate and relative molecular mass | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 | Gas volume: temperature and pressure | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q2 | Heating curve: melting stage | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Comparing diffusion rates of gases | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q1 | Gas volume: pressure and temperature | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q2 | Diffusion rate and relative molecular mass | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q1 | Heating a gas at fixed volume | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q2 | Heating curve interpretation | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 | Melting: particle energy change | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q2 | Cooling curve shape | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q1 | Gas volume: pressure and temperature changes | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q2 | Cooling curve: particle behaviour | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q1 | Gas pressure and number of particles | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q2 | Cooling curve interpretation | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Rate of diffusion and relative molecular mass | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q1 | Particle arrangement and motion in liquids | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q2 | Diffusion rate of identified gases | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q1 | State from melting and boiling points | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 | Gas particles: effect of lower pressure | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q1 | Evaporation of a volatile liquid | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q2 | Gas particles: effect of temperature | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q1 | Gas particles on heating at constant pressure | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q2 | Melting: temperature and energy changes | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q3 | Diffusion rate and relative molecular mass | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q1 | Diffusion rate and molecular mass | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q1 | Particle arrangement and motion in liquids | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q2 | Diffusion of gases: effect of molecular mass | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q1 | Heating curve: reading melting point | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 | Diffusion: particle movement statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q1 | Gas pressure and effect of temperature | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q2 | Diffusion rates of different gases | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q1 | Cooling curve: interpreting a flat section | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q1 | Gas particles: temperature and pressure changes | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q2 | Diffusion rates and relative molecular mass | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q1 | Diffusion and dissolving of a solid in water | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q1 | Changes of state: particle separation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q1 | Gas particles on heating | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q1 | Cooling curve: identifying freezing | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 | Diffusion rate and relative molecular mass | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q1 | Changes of state: energy released | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q1 | Diffusion order by relative molecular mass | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q1 | Diffusion rate and relative molecular mass | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q1 | Diffusion: gases with equal relative mass | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q1 | Diffusion: gases with equal relative mass | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q1 | Diffusion: gases with equal relative mass | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q1 | Diffusion rate and relative molecular mass | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q2 | Particle spacing in different states |
Paper 4 (Theory): 4 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 (a)–(c) | 8 | States of matter, changes of state, diffusion |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 5 | Recall: classifying physical and chemical processes |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q6 (b) | 2 | Changes of state in metal production |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q1 (e) | 2 | Diffusion rate and molecular mass |
Chapter 2: Atoms, Elements and Isotopes
78 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 54 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q3 | Particle numbers in atoms and ions | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q5 | Neutron numbers in atoms and ions | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Elements, compounds and mixtures | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Atomic structure statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Data needed to calculate relative atomic mass | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q3 | Nucleon number definition | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q4 | Neutrons vs protons in atoms | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q5 | Positive ions: protons and electrons | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q6 | Isotope abundances from relative atomic mass | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q3 | Counting protons, neutrons and electrons | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q4 | Isotope abundance from relative atomic mass | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Subatomic particles in an atom | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Electronic configuration of atoms and ions | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Relative atomic mass from isotopes | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q3 | Neutron and proton numbers | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q4 | Nucleon number definition | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Electronic configuration of atoms and ions | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Isotopes: structure and chemical properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q3 | Atomic structure diagram of an atom | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Isotopes: same chemical properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q6 | Relative atomic mass and isotope abundance | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q4 | Atomic structure statements | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q5 | Electronic configuration: group and period | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q6 | Isotopes: same chemical properties | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q9 | Counting electrons in a molecule | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Isotope definition and properties | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q4 | Identifying element from particle numbers | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Atomic structure: subatomic particle counts | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Isotopes: why chemical properties match | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q4 | Isotopes: shared features | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 | Classifying air as a mixture | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Nucleon number from atom diagram | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Relative atomic mass from isotope abundances | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q3 | Identifying an element from atomic structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q4 | Isotopes: why chemical properties are identical | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q8 | Identifying a mixture | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q2 | Classifying elements, mixtures and compounds | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q3 | Identifying isotopes from particle numbers | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q4 | Isotopes: why chemical properties are identical | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q5 | Electronic configuration of ions | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q2 | Atomic structure and table position | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q2 | Particle diagrams: elements, compounds, mixtures | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q3 | Mass number and atomic number | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q4 | Relative atomic mass from isotope abundances | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Isotopes: particle numbers and properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q4 | Isotopes: statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Isotopes: statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q4 | Same electronic structure in atoms and ions | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q5 | Isotopes: statements | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q3 | Chemical properties from electronic structure | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Atoms with equal nucleon number | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Atomic structure: protons, neutrons, isotopes | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q5 | Particle counts in atoms and ions | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Isotopes: reason for same chemical properties |
Paper 4 (Theory): 24 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q1 (a)–(d) | 11 | Subatomic particles, isotopes, nucleon number |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 (b)–(c)(i) | 5 | Isotopes; particles in ions |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 9 | Subatomic particles, isotopes, relative atomic mass |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q2 | 10 | Atomic structure, isotopes, relative atomic mass |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 (d) | 5 | Isotopes: particles and abundance |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 9 | Atomic structure, isotopes, relative atomic mass |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 (c)–(d) | 2 | Recall: molecules and electron shells |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 (a) | 3 | Particles in an atom and an ion |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q2 | 14 | Atomic structure, configuration, isotopes, Ar |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q2 | 5 | Protons, neutrons, electrons in atoms and ions |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 (a) | 7 | Isotopes, relative atomic mass, the mole |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 5 | Protons, neutrons, electrons in atoms and ions |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q1 (f) | 3 | Electronic configuration and particles in ions |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 5 | Isotopes: particles, abundance, number of atoms |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a) | 5 | Isotopes: particles and relative atomic mass |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 8 | Atoms and ions from particle numbers |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q2 (b) | 4 | Isotopes: definition and relative atomic mass |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d) | 6 | Isotopes: particles and relative atomic mass |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q2 (b)–(c) | 5 | Relative atomic mass from isotopes; ion particles |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (c) | 6 | Isotopes: particles and relative atomic mass |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 8 | Subatomic particles in atoms and ions |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q2 | 8 | Subatomic particles, isotopes, isoelectronic species |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a) | 6 | Isotopes and particle numbers in an ion |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 8 | Isotopes and ions: particle numbers |
Chapter 3: Bonding and Structure
120 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 77 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q4 | Diamond and graphite: structure and uses | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q6 | Ionic bond formation | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q7 | Metallic bonding and conductivity | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q7 | Structure of an ionic lattice | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Bonding in graphite and diamond | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Structure and bonding in a metal | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q7 | Dot-and-cross diagram of a covalent molecule | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q8 | Diamond and graphite: uses explained | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q5 | Properties of an ionic compound | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q6 | Dot-and-cross diagram: multiple bond | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q7 | Giant covalent structure of silicon dioxide | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Structure of silicon dioxide | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q6 | Ionic lattice statements | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Ionic bond formation: electron transfer | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q7 | Dot-and-cross diagrams of covalent molecules | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Particles in a metallic lattice | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q4 | Identifying an ionic lattice by ion ratio | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q5 | Shared electrons in covalent molecules | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q6 | Simple molecular substance: melting point | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q7 | Giant covalent structures: properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q8 | Metallic bonding: malleability | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Element pairs forming ionic compounds | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Covalent bonding in a simple molecule | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q7 | Ionic vs simple molecular melting points | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Graphite structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Metallic bonding: malleability and conduction | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q3 | Ionic bond formation by electron transfer | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q4 | Identifying ionic substances from properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q5 | Covalent bonding and properties of methane | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q7 | Ionic compound structure and properties | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q8 | Shared electrons in covalent molecules | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Dot-and-cross: outer electrons in molecule | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Giant structures: hardness and melting point | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Identifying structure types from properties | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q5 | Double covalent bonds in molecules | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q6 | Silicon(IV) oxide giant covalent structure | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Ionic compound properties | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Covalent bonding in a simple molecule | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q7 | Diamond and graphite structures compared | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Metallic bonding and related property | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q3 | Ions formed in ionic bonding | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q5 | Ionic vs giant covalent properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q9 | Graphite structure and properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Ionic compound: bonding and properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Melting point linked to structure type | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q5 | Ionic bond formation: electron transfer | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q6 | Giant covalent structures: properties | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q6 | Covalent bond formation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q24 | Structure diagrams of solids | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Dot-and-cross diagram of a molecule | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Giant covalent structure comparison | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Mobile particles in electrical conduction | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q5 | Ionic lattice: structure and properties | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q6 | Covalent molecules: bonding and lone pairs | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q7 | Giant covalent oxide: properties | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q8 | Metallic bonding and properties | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Ionic bonding and ion formation | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Bonding type in oxides from table position | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q7 | Graphite structure and conductivity | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q5 | Bonding type from physical properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q6 | Properties of ionic compounds | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q7 | Structure similar to silicon(IV) oxide | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Ionic lattice structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Shared electron pairs in molecules | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q7 | Particles in a metallic structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q3 | Ionic lattice representation | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q6 | Shared electrons in a covalent molecule | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q7 | Diamond and graphite: structure and uses | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q5 | Metallic and ionic structures compared | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q6 | Dot-and-cross: diatomic nitrogen molecule | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Giant covalent structures from diagrams | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Dot-and-cross: hydrogen chloride molecule | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q3 | Diamond and silicon(IV) oxide properties | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q6 | Metallic bonding and metal properties | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Metallic bonding: electrical conductivity | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q7 | Diamond and graphite: structure and uses | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Properties of ionic compounds |
Paper 4 (Theory): 43 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 5 | Group II: shells and metallic bonding |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 8 | Deducing structure from physical properties |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 (c) | 3 | Dot-and-cross diagram of a molecule |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a) | 4 | Metallic bonding and conduction |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a) | 2 | Dot-and-cross diagram: diatomic molecule |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a),(b)(ii)–(c) | 14 | Covalent bonding: diagrams, properties, giant structures |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 (c) | 3 | Ionic compound: electron configuration diagram |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (a) | 4 | Metallic bonding and conduction |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 (a) | 3 | Balancing; dot-and-cross of diatomic molecule |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a)–(c) | 8 | Ionic bonding: definition, dot-and-cross, lattice |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 (g) | 3 | Dot-and-cross diagram of a molecule |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q4 (b)–(c) | 5 | Dot-and-cross: ionic and covalent examples |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 (f) | 3 | Dot-and-cross diagram for ionic compound |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a)–(c) | 6 | Simple covalent molecules: properties, dot-and-cross |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q3 (c)–(d) | 6 | Covalent vs ionic compounds: bonding and melting points |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q3 (b) | 8 | Bonding, structure and properties compared |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 (b) | 5 | Ionic compound: dot-and-cross and properties |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q6 (c)(iii) | 3 | Dot-and-cross diagram of an organic molecule |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q3 (a) | 8 | Bonding, structure and properties compared |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d)(i) | 2 | Covalent bond definition |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 (f) | 3 | Dot-and-cross diagram for ionic compound |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q2 (f) | 5 | Ionic compound: equation and ion configurations |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q3 (a)(iii) | 2 | Dot-and-cross diagram of a simple molecule |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q5 (a) | 4 | Metallic bonding and conductivity |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q3 | 9 | Ionic vs covalent bonding and melting points |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 (f)(i) | 3 | Dot-and-cross diagram of an organic molecule |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q3 | 10 | Ionic and covalent bonding; structure and melting point |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q1 (h) | 2 | Dot-and-cross diagram of a simple molecule |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d) | 3 | Ionic compound: electronic configuration of ions |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 9 | Metallic and ionic bonding, dot-and-cross |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q6 (b) | 3 | Dot-and-cross: organic molecule |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 8 | Diamond and graphite structures |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (b)(iv) | 3 | Dot-and-cross: ionic oxide |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q6 (d) | 3 | Dot-and-cross: organic molecule |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 10 | Structure type from physical property data |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q4 (b) | 2 | Dot-and-cross covalent molecule |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 6 | Metallic and ionic bonding, conductivity |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q4 (b) | 3 | Dot-and-cross covalent molecule; balancing |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q4 (c)–(e) | 9 | Covalent and ionic dot-and-cross, properties |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q3 (a) | 3 | Simple molecular substance properties |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q3 (d) | 2 | Dot-and-cross covalent molecule |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q5 (a) | 3 | Metallic bonding |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a)–(c) | 6 | State symbols and dot-and-cross diagrams |
Chapter 4: Formulae, Equations and Relative Masses
42 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 29 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q10 | Ion charges from a formula | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Balancing a symbol equation | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q5 | Formula from Periodic Table positions | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q7 | Ionic equation for a precipitation | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Formulae of named compounds | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q9 | Formula from compound name | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q7 | Formula of a compound from its ions | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q8 | State symbols in an equation | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q7 | Molecular formula from displayed structure | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Relative molecular mass calculation | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Formula from mixed-charge ions | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q6 | Identifying balanced equations | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q7 | Writing formulae of ionic compounds | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q7 | Molecular formula from displayed structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Relative atomic mass from formula mass | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q7 | State symbols in an equation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q9 | Writing formula of an ionic compound | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Ion charges and formula of compound | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Balancing a combustion equation | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q8 | Molecular formula from a structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Molecular formula from a structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q8 | Molecular formula from a structure | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q7 | State symbols in a precipitation equation | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q8 | Definition of relative atomic mass | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q7 | State symbols in a precipitation equation | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Identifying an element from compound Mr | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q7 | State symbols in a precipitation equation | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q4 | Ionic formula from electronic structures | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Balanced equation for a decomposition |
Paper 4 (Theory): 13 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (f) | 2 | Formulae of compounds with Roman numerals |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q3 (f) | 3 | Hydrated salt; balancing decomposition equation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a) | 2 | Symbol equation for metal-halogen reaction |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q5 (c) | 2 | Balancing a thermal decomposition equation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d) | 3 | Deducing a symbol equation for oxide with acid |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 (c) | 2 | Deducing formulae of acid and anion |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q3 (b) | 2 | Symbol equation for metal-halogen reaction |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q5 (c) | 3 | Oxygen test; balancing decomposition equation |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q4 (f) | 2 | Writing a decomposition symbol equation |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q6 (a) | 2 | Balancing equation; naming with oxidation number |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q3 (f) | 2 | Predicting formulae of compounds |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q4 (c) | 2 | Constructing a symbol equation |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (c)(i)–(ii) | 2 | Thermal decomposition: completing an equation |
Chapter 5: The Mole and Calculations
92 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 47 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q8 | Titration calculation statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q9 | Empirical vs molecular formulae | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q10 | Reacting masses from an equation | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q11 | Avogadro constant: number of atoms | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Reacting masses statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Empirical and molecular formula from composition | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q9 | Empirical vs molecular formula | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q12 | Number of molecules from mass | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q8 | Comparing empirical formulae | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q9 | Limiting reactant: gas volume from moles | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q7 | Limiting reactant concept | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Mass of solute from concentration | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q8 | Empirical formula from percentage composition | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q9 | Titration calculation: acid concentration | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Reacting masses from an equation | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Empirical formula from percentage composition | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Avogadro constant: number of atoms | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q10 | Percentage yield from reacting masses | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Mass from gas volume using moles | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Empirical formula from masses | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q9 | Avogadro constant: atoms in one mole | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q10 | Titration calculation sequence | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q10 | Percentage yield from reacting masses | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q11 | Empirical formula of an organic compound | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q12 | Avogadro constant: number of ions | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Neutralisation mole calculation: data needed | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q7 | Percentage yield from reacting masses | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q8 | Molar gas volume from mass | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Empirical formula from percentage mass | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q9 | Formula from mole ratios | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q10 | Moles and number of particles | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q7 | Recognising an empirical formula | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q8 | Reacting masses from an equation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q7 | Moles: comparing numbers of molecules | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Titration calculation: data needed | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Moles: gas volume from decomposition | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Moles: alkane from carbon dioxide volume | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q9 | Limiting reactant: volume of gas | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Avogadro constant: atoms in samples | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q9 | Reacting masses from an equation | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q26 | Mass change on partial decomposition | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q9 | Moles: precipitate mass from solution concentration | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Molar gas volume from an equation | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q8 | Molar gas volume from reactant mass | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q39 | Percentage yield and Mr | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Empirical formula from percentage composition | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Reacting masses from an equation |
Paper 4 (Theory): 45 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q1 (e) | 2 | Number of atoms from mass |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q2 (e) | 4 | Water of crystallisation: finding formula |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (c)–(e) | 4 | Titration: concentration and volume calculations |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q3 (b)–(c) | 3 | Mass and volume from moles |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 (d)(ii) | 3 | Gas volume from acid concentration |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q6 (a)–(b) | 4 | Empirical and molecular formula |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q4 (d) | 3 | Mass of product from gas volume |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q5 (e) | 2 | Empirical formula from percentage composition |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 (c)(iii) | 3 | Gas volume from mass of reactant |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q6 (e)(iv)–(v) | 3 | Acid-alkali reacting volume calculation |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 (d) | 3 | Gas volume from mass of reactant |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q5 (e) | 3 | Empirical formula from percentage composition |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 (e)–(f) | 2 | Recall: alkane formula, Avogadro constant |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 (d)(i)–(ii) | 4 | Gas volume from concentration; chlorine test |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a)(iii) | 4 | Gas volume from mass of reactant |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q5 (c) | 4 | Number of atoms using Avogadro constant |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 (c)–(e) | 5 | Concentration and mass of precipitate from moles |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q4 (b) | 3 | Titration calculation: acid concentration |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q4 (f) | 4 | Limiting reactant and molecules in gas volume |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q5 (d) | 6 | Water of crystallisation from mass loss |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q7 (a) | 4 | Empirical and molecular formula calculation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (f) | 5 | Gas volume from reacting mass |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q5 (d) | 5 | Water of crystallisation from mass loss |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q7 (a) | 5 | Empirical and molecular formula calculation |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (g) | 5 | Titration calculation: concentration in g/dm3 |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q4 (c) | 5 | Moles: concentration from gas volume |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q4 (c) | 6 | Water of crystallisation: formula from masses |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q4 (d) | 3 | Moles: mass of gas from solution volume |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 (g) | 5 | Titration calculation: concentration in g/dm3 |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q4 (c) | 3 | Moles: gas volume from acid solution |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 (e) | 8 | Moles from decomposition; oxide type, redox recall |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q2 (c)(iv) | 3 | Moles: gas volume from metal mass |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q4 (e) | 4 | Water of crystallisation from mass data |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (c)(iv) | 5 | Moles: solution concentration in g/dm3 |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q4 (e) | 4 | Water of crystallisation from mass data |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q4 (d)–(e) | 3 | Empirical and molecular formula |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q5 (c) | 4 | Titration calculation: volume of acid |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q3 (c)(iv) | 3 | Titration calculation: acid concentration |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q5 (h)–(i) | 4 | Empirical and molecular formula |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d)(iv) | 5 | Titration calculation: concentration in g/dm3 |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 4 | Molecular formula from percentage mass |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q4 (e)–(f) | 4 | Empirical and molecular formula |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q5 (c) | 3 | Moles: maximum mass of hydrated crystals |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (e) | 3 | Moles: gas volume from acid concentration |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (e) | 2 | Moles to mass conversion |
Chapter 6: Electrolysis and Fuel Cells
78 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 63 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q12 | Electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate with copper electrodes | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q13 | Dilute chloride electrolysis: electrode reactions | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q13 | Copper(II) sulfate electrolysis: electrode choice | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q13 | Brine electrolysis products | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q14 | Electron flow in an electrolysis circuit | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q15 | Fuel cell: fuel and oxidising agent | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q10 | Electroplating observations | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q11 | Brine electrolysis: anode half-equation | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q12 | Fuel cell overall equation | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Electrolysis of molten oxide: products | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Dilute chloride electrolysis: cathode half-equation | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell statements | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q10 | Charge carriers in electrolysis circuit | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q12 | Electrolysis of concentrated chloride solution | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q13 | Electrolysis of chloride solutions: anode product | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Electrolysis of dilute acid: half-equations | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q11 | Electrode products in electrolysis | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q12 | Copper sulfate electrolysis: electrode effects | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q13 | Fuel cell advantage in cars | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Copper sulfate electrolysis with inert electrodes | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q13 | Electrolysis of a molten salt | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q11 | Electrolysis products: hydrogen formation | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q12 | Copper sulfate electrolysis: anode products | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q13 | Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell statements | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q13 | Electroplating: anode reaction and electrolyte | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q14 | General statements about electrolysis | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Charge movement during electrolysis | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Cathode half-equation with copper electrodes | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q9 | Electrolysis of copper sulfate with copper electrodes | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q10 | Products of aqueous halide electrolysis | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q11 | Fuel cells vs petrol engines: advantage | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Cathode products of aqueous electrolysis | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Electrolysis: electrode reactions and products | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q13 | Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell facts | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q8 | Hydrogen and oxygen: electrolysis and fuel cell | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Electrolysis of dilute chloride: products | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Electrolysis with copper electrodes: mass changes | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q11 | Electrolysis of concentrated bromide: half-equations | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q12 | Electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate: observations | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q9 | Electrolysis of halide solutions: products | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q10 | Hydrogen fuel cell: products and reaction | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q9 | Electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate: half-equations | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Electrolysis of brine: products | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q10 | Electrolysis of dilute halide solution: products | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q11 | Aluminium extraction: electrode half-equations | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Electrolysis: identifying electrolyte from products | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate: cathode half-equation | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q10 | Electrolysis: electron and ion movement | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Electrolysis of molten vs aqueous chloride | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Electrolysis of dilute chloride: anode product | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q10 | Electroplating apparatus | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q10 | Electrolysis of concentrated aqueous chlorides: hydrogen | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q11 | Copper(II) sulfate with copper electrodes: cathode equation | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q10 | Electrolysis of concentrated aqueous chlorides: hydrogen | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Electrolysis: direction of electron flow | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Fuel cell half-equations: reacting mass | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q10 | Electrolysis of concentrated aqueous chlorides: hydrogen | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q11 | Energy sources and fuel cells: statements | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Electrolysis: movement of ions and electrons | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q13 | Electrolysis of molten vs aqueous chloride: cathode | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Electroplating: electrode arrangement |
Paper 4 (Theory): 13 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a)(vi) | 2 | Electrolysis of dilute acid: products |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a)–(c) | 11 | Electrolysis definition; copper(II) sulfate with different electrodes |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d) | 8 | Electrolysis of molten and aqueous halide |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q3 (e) | 10 | Copper sulfate electrolysis: inert vs copper electrodes |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q5 (a) | 3 | Fuel cells: reactant, advantages, disadvantages |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q2 | 11 | Electrolysis: products, observations, half-equations |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q3 (c) | 4 | Electrolysis definition and cathode half-equation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q3 (c) | 4 | Electrolysis definition and anode half-equation |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 (b) | 6 | Electrolysis of a molten salt |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q5 (a),(c) | 12 | Electrolysis of halide solution; fuel cells |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q5 (a)–(c) | 13 | Electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate; electroplating |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q5 (b) | 3 | Electroplating setup |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q4 (c)–(e) | 8 | Fuel cells and electrolysis of brine |
Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 2 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning electroplating and finding mass deposited |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 7 | Electrolysis of a molten salt: apparatus |
Chapter 7: Chemical Energetics
72 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 48 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q14 | Energy of reactants and products: exo/endothermic | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q15 | Pathway diagram: activation energy and enthalpy change | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Bond energy calculation | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Endothermic dissolving: temperature change | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q16 | Energetics statements: bonds and enthalpy | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q17 | Bond energy calculation | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q13 | Exothermic reaction and pathway diagram | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q13 | Pathway diagram: reaction type and temperature | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Bond energy: enthalpy of bond formation | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q11 | Hydrogen as a fuel: exothermic combustion | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q13 | Exothermic reaction: sign and temperature | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q14 | Labelling a reaction pathway diagram | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Reaction pathway diagram: enthalpy change | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Bond energy calculation | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q14 | Activation energy on pathway diagram | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Enthalpy change from pathway diagram | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q14 | Labelling a reaction pathway diagram | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q15 | Exothermic change from bond energies | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q15 | Bond energy: finding an unknown bond | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q16 | Reaction pathway diagrams: most exothermic | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Activation energy statements | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q12 | Photosynthesis as endothermic: bond energy view | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q13 | Sign of enthalpy change from temperature data | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q14 | Catalyst effect on reaction pathway diagram | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Activation energy definition | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Bond energy enthalpy calculation | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q10 | Energy diagram for an endothermic reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q11 | Bond energy calculation | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Comparing exothermic reactions from temperatures | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q13 | Recognising an endothermic process | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Bond energy calculation | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q13 | Reaction pathway diagram for reverse reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q14 | Bond energy calculation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q11 | Bond energy calculation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Bond energy calculation setup | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q12 | Reaction pathway diagram labels | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q13 | Bond energy calculation | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Endothermic reaction and sign of enthalpy change | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q11 | Neutralisation as an exothermic reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q13 | Bond energy calculation | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q11 | Neutralisation as an exothermic reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q11 | Neutralisation as an exothermic reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q17 | Bond energy calculation | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q13 | Exothermic reaction explained by bond energies | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Energy level diagram: overall energy change | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Endothermic reaction: energy and temperature change | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Fuels as energy sources: statements | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Bond breaking and forming in energy changes |
Paper 4 (Theory): 13 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 8 | Pathway diagram; bond energy calculation |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (c) | 2 | Meaning and sign of enthalpy change |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 (b) | 3 | Bond energy calculation |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q6 (d)(ii) | 3 | Bond energy calculation |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q6 (e)(iii) | 3 | Bond energy calculation |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 (b)–(d),(f) | 6 | Enthalpy change sign; bond energy calculation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (e) | 3 | Bond energy calculation of unknown bond |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 (a),(b)(iii)–(c) | 11 | Energy profiles, activation energy, bond energies |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q5 (d) | 6 | Energy profile and bond energy calculation |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q5 (e)–(f) | 6 | Energy profile and bond energy calculation |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q6 (a) | 4 | Bond energy calculation |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q7 (e) | 3 | Bond energy calculation |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q5 (c) | 5 | Addition reaction and bond energy calculation |
Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 11 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: comparing fuels by heating water |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 63 | Q2 | 18 | Temperature rise of metal with acid |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 61 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: comparing endothermic temperature changes |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 18 | Temperature change on dissolving a salt |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 19 | Temperature change in metal displacement reactions |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 63 | Q2 | 20 | Temperature change on dissolving: endothermic |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 61 | Q2 | 20 | Temperature change: metal with acids of varying concentration |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 18 | Temperature change during neutralisation |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 63 | Q2 | 16 | Temperature change experiment and graph |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 19 | Temperature change in neutralisation |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 18 | Temperature change on dissolving: graph and accuracy |
Chapter 8: Chemical Changes and Rates of Reaction
69 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 37 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q16 | Comparing catalysts from gas production | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Temperature effect on rate: collision theory | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q18 | Collision theory: concentration and temperature | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q15 | Temperature effect on collisions and energy | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Effect of a catalyst | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q15 | Concentration effect on collisions | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Physical versus chemical change | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Collision theory: effect of temperature | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Contact process: conditions affecting rate | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q16 | Physical vs chemical change | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q17 | Classifying a chemical change | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q18 | Rate graph: effect of acid concentration | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q19 | Collision theory: temperature effect | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q13 | Rate graph: effect of diluting acid | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q15 | Physical vs chemical change | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q17 | Catalyst: unchanged mass and product volume | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Rate: surface area and temperature effects | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q12 | Identifying a chemical change | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q13 | Rate graph: identifying the measured quantity | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q14 | Comparing rates under different conditions | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Effect of concentration on rate: collisions | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q12 | Effect of temperature on collisions | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q6 | Identifying a chemical change | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Catalysts and activation energy | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q14 | Surface area and rate of reaction | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q13 | Factors affecting rate of reaction | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Collision theory: rate falling with time | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Collision theory: effect of pressure | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q14 | Temperature effect on a rate graph | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Rate from a gas volume graph | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q14 | Rate graph: identifying the changed condition | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q12 | Physical vs chemical change | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Physical vs chemical change | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q13 | Collision theory: effect of concentration | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q12 | Physical vs chemical change | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q14 | Collision theory: effect of concentration | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Collision theory: effect of concentration |
Paper 4 (Theory): 20 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q4 (d) | 3 | Collision theory: effect of temperature |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (c)(vi) | 2 | Concentration effect on rate |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q6 (d)(ii) | 3 | Collision theory: effect of temperature |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (c)(v) | 2 | Particle size effect on rate |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 (d)(iii) | 3 | Collision theory: effect of temperature |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (e) | 7 | Collision theory and activation energy |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q5 (a)–(b) | 8 | Rate by mass loss; collision theory and temperature |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q4 (e) | 3 | Catalysts: choice and effect on reaction |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (d) | 2 | Ways to increase reaction rate |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a)–(b),(d) | 7 | Catalysed decomposition: rate graph, collision theory |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 (b)(i) | 3 | Collision theory: effect of concentration |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q3 (b)(v) | 3 | Collision theory: effect of temperature |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a)–(c),(e) | 9 | Catalysts and rate: mass-loss experiment, collisions |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 (b)(v) | 3 | Collision theory: effect of temperature |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 4 | Rate of reaction: progress and surface area |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 (b)(v) | 3 | Collision theory: effect of temperature |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q3 (g) | 3 | Rate: temperature and particle collisions |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (d)(v) | 3 | Rate: temperature and particle collisions |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q5 (e) | 3 | Rate: temperature and particle collisions |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d) | 5 | Rate: gas volume graph and particle size |
Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 12 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| May/June 2025 · Paper 61 | Q2 | 17 | Rate experiment: acid concentration and reaction time |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 63 | Q2 | 18 | Rate experiment: thiosulfate concentration and cloudiness |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 18 | Rate experiment: disappearing text timing |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 63 | Q2 | 19 | Rate experiment: gas volume at two temperatures |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: showing a substance is a catalyst |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 61 | Q2 | 20 | Rate experiment: gas collection vs temperature |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 63 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: effect of temperature on rate |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 18 | Rate experiment: effect of temperature |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 63 | Q2 | 18 | Rate experiment: temperature and reaction time |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 61 | Q2 | 20 | Rate experiment: gas volume and concentration |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 63 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: effect of temperature on rate |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 8 | Rate experiment: mass loss and crystallisation |
Chapter 9: Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium
90 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 57 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q17 | Contact process equation | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q19 | Haber process: conditions for yield | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Haber and Contact process conditions compared | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Dynamic equilibrium statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q19 | Equilibrium yield: effect of changing conditions | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q20 | Contact process conditions | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q14 | Recognising a reversible reaction | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q16 | Haber process conditions | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Contact process conditions | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q16 | Equilibrium shift: colour change | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Equilibrium position: temperature and pressure | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q15 | Haber process: conditions and catalyst | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q16 | Sulfuric acid manufacture: raw materials | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Equilibrium yield: changing conditions | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q17 | Haber equilibrium: shifting position | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q20 | Equilibrium position: pressure and temperature | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q21 | Contact process conditions | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Equilibrium yield: pressure and temperature | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Contact process conditions | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q32 | Identifying gases leading to ammonia | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q16 | Contact process: equilibrium and conditions | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q18 | Haber equilibrium: dynamic nature and catalyst | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Haber process: conditions for maximum yield | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Contact process conditions | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Hydrated cobalt(II) chloride colour test | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q15 | Contact process conditions | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Equilibrium: effect of temperature | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q16 | Reversing hydration of cobalt(II) chloride | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q17 | Equilibrium: increasing ammonia yield | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q13 | Hydrated and anhydrous copper(II) sulfate | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q13 | Contact process conditions | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Identifying a reversible reaction | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q15 | Contact process conditions | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q16 | Reversing dehydration of hydrated salt | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Haber and Contact processes: catalysts | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Equilibrium position shift on adding product | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q15 | Equilibrium position: pressure and temperature | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q30 | Haber process: reasons for conditions | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q31 | Contact process: catalysed stage | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Equilibrium position: pressure and temperature | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q31 | Contact process: catalysed stage | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q13 | Equilibrium position: pressure and temperature | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q15 | Reversible reaction: hydrated copper(II) sulfate | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q20 | Dynamic equilibrium characteristics | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q27 | Haber process statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q31 | Contact process: catalysed stage | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q15 | Adding water to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q30 | Haber process: conditions, rate and yield | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q32 | Sulfuric acid manufacture and electrolysis products | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q14 | Recognising a reversible reaction from observations | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Adding water to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Contact process: catalysed step | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q15 | Adding water to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q33 | Contact process: pressure effect on rate and yield | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Dynamic equilibrium: forward and backward rates | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q29 | Haber process: raw materials and conditions | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q31 | Contact process catalyst |
Paper 4 (Theory): 33 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q4 (c) | 5 | Equilibrium position: temperature, pressure, catalyst |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 (a) | 6 | Dynamic equilibrium and condition changes |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q4 (b) | 4 | Haber process conditions and equation |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q5 (a)–(b) | 9 | Industrial equilibrium: conditions, catalyst, yield |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 (a)–(b) | 2 | Recall: air composition, Contact temperature |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q6 (d)(i) | 4 | Equilibrium shifts in ethanol manufacture |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 (b) | 5 | Contact process conditions and equations |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q5 (a)–(b) | 9 | Industrial equilibrium: conditions, catalyst, yield |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a),(e) | 5 | Closed system; equilibrium shifts |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (d) | 2 | Equilibrium: conditions shifting position |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q5 (d) | 4 | Equilibrium: closed system, temperature, pressure |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a)–(c) | 5 | Equilibrium: effect of pressure and temperature |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a)–(c) | 5 | Haber process: conditions and catalyst |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 (e) | 4 | Equilibrium shifts with condition changes |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q4 (a)–(d)(i) | 8 | Equilibrium: condition changes, Contact process |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 (e) | 2 | Hydrated salt test for water |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 (c) | 7 | Equilibrium: closed system and condition changes |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q5 (a)–(b) | 8 | Equilibrium features and position shifts |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (c)(iii)–(iv) | 3 | Reversible hydration of copper(II) sulfate |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 (b)(ii) | 2 | Equilibrium: effect of pressure |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q3 (a)(i)–(ii),(a)(iv)–(b)(i),(b)(iv),(c) | 13 | Haber process and nitric acid: conditions, equilibrium |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q6 (b) | 2 | Contact process: choice of conditions |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a)–(b)(iv) | 12 | Contact process: equilibrium and conditions |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q6 (a)–(b) | 10 | Haber process and nitric acid manufacture |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a)–(b)(iv) | 11 | Haber process: sources, conditions, equilibrium |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a)–(f),(h) | 11 | Haber process: conditions and equilibrium shifts |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a)–(d)(iv),(e) | 13 | Contact process: conditions and equilibrium |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q4 (a) | 5 | Equilibrium: effect of temperature |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q5 (a) | 5 | Contact process: conditions and equations |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a) | 7 | Contact process: stages, conditions, equations |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q5 (a)–(d) | 9 | Equilibrium: conditions, rate, yield, catalyst |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q3 (b)–(c) | 5 | Haber process conditions; ammonia preparation |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 6 | Catalyst; equilibrium rate and yield |
Chapter 10: Redox
48 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 31 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q18 | Oxidation number changes in a redox reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Oxidation number in a polyatomic ion | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q22 | Identifying the element reduced | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Identifying reducing agents | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q17 | Oxidising and reducing agents | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q18 | Change in oxidation number | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Reduction as loss of oxygen | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Oxidation number change in reduction | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Identifying oxidising and reducing agents | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q19 | Redox definitions: electrons and oxidation number | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q20 | Oxidation number change at electrode | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q22 | Oxidation and reduction identification | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q23 | Oxidising and reducing agents in displacement | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Recognising a redox reaction | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Oxidation numbers in a reaction | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q19 | Reducing agent and electron transfer | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Acid test and manganate(VII) colour change | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q16 | Identifying reduction | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Oxidation and reduction in iron extraction | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Oxidation: electrons and oxidation number | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q18 | Recognising a redox reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q19 | Identifying reduction | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q14 | Oxidation number in a compound | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q15 | Redox: species oxidised and oxidising agent | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q17 | Identifying a redox reaction | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Identifying a reducing agent | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q16 | Identifying the substance oxidised | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Identifying the substance oxidised | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q16 | Identifying the substance oxidised | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q16 | Iron(III) and iodide redox: balancing and agents | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Oxidising agent and electron gain |
Paper 4 (Theory): 17 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d)–(e) | 5 | Oxidising agents; oxidation of metal ions |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 (b)(iv) | 2 | Oxidation number in a compound ion |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (b)(iii)–(iv) | 3 | Oxidation numbers and reduction definition |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q4 (c) | 6 | Oxidation numbers; equations in acid manufacture |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 (b)(i) | 2 | Roman numerals as oxidation number |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 (c)(i)–(ii) | 3 | Oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 (c) | 2 | Oxidation numbers of an element |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 (c) | 4 | Reducing agent: definition and equation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a)(i)–(ii) | 3 | Oxidation number change; element oxidised |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (f) | 4 | Redox explained using oxidation numbers |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q5 (c) | 3 | Roman numerals in names; catalyst mass |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q4 (d) | 2 | Oxidation numbers of an element |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 (d) | 3 | Roman numerals and manganate(VII) colour change |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q4 (d)(ii) | 2 | Oxidation numbers of sulfur |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q3 (b)(ii)–(iii) | 3 | Oxidation numbers and oxidation |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 (c) | 2 | Oxidation number calculation in an ion |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (d) | 4 | Redox: balancing and identifying reduction |
Chapter 11: Acids, Bases and Oxides
80 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 63 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q20 | Properties of a weak acid | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q22 | Amphoteric oxides | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Classifying a non-metal oxide | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Acid as a proton donor | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q21 | Properties of bases | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q24 | Strong vs weak acids: reaction rate comparison | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q25 | Amphoteric oxide reacting with alkali | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q18 | Strong vs weak acids: degree of dissociation | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Bases with ammonium salts: ammonia release | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Dissociation equations: strong vs weak acids | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Classifying acidic oxides | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q19 | Proton donors and acceptors | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q20 | Acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Strong vs weak acids: pH and dissociation | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Acidic and basic oxides | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q17 | Indicator colours in alkali | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q18 | Oxides giving acidic solutions | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Weak vs strong acids | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Indicator colour with acids | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Amphoteric and basic oxides | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q18 | Amphoteric oxide identification | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q21 | Strong acid dissociation | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q25 | Weak acid dissociation equation | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q26 | Acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Indicator colour in acid | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Strong vs weak acids: reaction rate | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q20 | Metal character and basic oxides | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Identifying an acidic oxide | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Typical reactions of hydrochloric acid | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q17 | Strong and weak acids | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Identifying an acid–base reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Acidic oxides reacting with bases | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q15 | Strong and weak acids: pH comparison | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q20 | Properties of weak acids | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q21 | Identifying basic oxides | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q22 | Amphoteric oxide reactions | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q15 | Strong vs weak acids: dissociation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q16 | Classifying oxides: amphoteric | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q16 | Definition of a strong acid | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q17 | Amphoteric oxides | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q18 | Identifying an amphoteric oxide | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q19 | Properties of strong acids | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q22 | Weak vs strong acid: ion concentration and pH | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Ammonium salt with alkali: products | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Weak acid: pH and indicator colour | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q17 | Acid reactions that produce a gas | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q18 | Acid and water: proton transfer roles | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q20 | Classifying oxides: neutral and acidic | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Classifying oxides from test results | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Acid and water: proton transfer roles | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Base with ammonium salt: gas formed | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q18 | Acid and water: proton transfer roles | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q23 | Nature of oxides across a period | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q17 | Strong and weak acids, proton donors | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q18 | Acidic and basic oxides and pH | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Acidic and basic oxides and pH | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Acid properties: proton donors, weak acids | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q17 | Acidic oxide effect on litmus | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q18 | Acidic and basic oxides and pH | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Indicator colours: methyl orange | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Amphoteric oxides | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Strong vs weak acids and neutralisation | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Proton donors and acceptors in an equilibrium |
Paper 4 (Theory): 17 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a)–(b),(f) | 5 | Neutralisation: equation, indicator colour change |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a)(i)–(v),(a)(vii)–(b)(iii) | 11 | Strong and weak acids; bases and alkalis |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (d)–(e) | 3 | Amphoteric oxides: definition and reaction |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q4 (d)(i) | 2 | Acid with carbonate: observations |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 4 | Amphoteric oxide: meaning and reaction with alkali |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q4 (a) | 3 | Indicator choice for acid-alkali titration |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q6 (d) | 3 | Amphoteric oxides and their salts |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 (f) | 4 | pH change from acid formation; indicator |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a)–(f) | 11 | Acids, alkalis, pH, indicators, dissociation |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q6 (c) | 4 | Acid definitions; oxidation number in an ion |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q1 (a)–(b) | 2 | Recognising neutralisation and precipitation equations |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a)–(e),(f)(ii)–(iv) | 13 | Bases, alkalis, amphoteric oxides, weak acids |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q2 (c)(i)–(iii) | 3 | Group I metal with water: flame and alkali |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (c)(i)–(iii) | 3 | Bases, pH and indicator colour |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q3 (e) | 3 | Amphoteric oxide reactions |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (b) | 2 | Alkaline solution: pH and hydroxide ion |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q3 (e) | 2 | Bases as proton acceptors |
Chapter 12: Preparation of Salts
51 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 24 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q21 | Solubility rules for salts | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Preparing an insoluble salt | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q19 | Insoluble salt preparation steps | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q20 | Water of crystallisation in hydrated salts | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Preparing an insoluble salt by precipitation | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q19 | Soluble salt preparation: excess solid, crystallising | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q22 | Hydrated salt: meaning and formula | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q23 | Selecting precipitation reactions for salts | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Insoluble salt preparation steps | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Forming an insoluble salt | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q18 | Soluble salt preparation steps | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q19 | Precipitation reaction from ionic equation | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Method for insoluble salts | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q17 | Preparing an insoluble salt by precipitation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q18 | Obtaining an insoluble salt after precipitation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Insoluble salt preparation method | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q20 | Solubility: predicting a precipitate | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Salt preparation: why excess solid is used | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q19 | Obtaining a solid salt from solution | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Choosing reactants to prepare salts | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q19 | Soluble salt from insoluble base: separation steps | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Soluble salt from insoluble base: separation steps | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q19 | Soluble salt from insoluble base: separation steps | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Choosing reactions for making salts |
Paper 4 (Theory): 23 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (g)–(h) | 5 | Crystallising a salt: purity and saturated solution |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a),(d)–(h) | 10 | Insoluble salt by precipitation: method |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q5 (a) | 8 | Insoluble salt by precipitation: ionic equation, purification |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (c)(i)–(v),(c)(vii) | 7 | Soluble salt from carbonate: method and terms |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (c)(i)–(iv),(c)(vi) | 7 | Soluble salt from carbonate: method and terms |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a)–(d) | 8 | Soluble salt from excess base; crystallisation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 2 | Precipitation: state symbols and reagent choice |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 (f)–(h) | 7 | Insoluble salt method: filtrate, washing, equation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q4 (c)–(d) | 4 | Crystallising a soluble salt; salt equation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q5 (a) | 7 | Insoluble salt by precipitation: method, ionic equation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q5 (a)–(b) | 9 | Preparing insoluble and soluble salts |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 (g) | 5 | Precipitation of insoluble salt: ionic equation |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (c)(i)–(ii) | 4 | Water of crystallisation and hydrated salts |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a) | 8 | Insoluble salt by precipitation: equation and method |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 9 | Soluble salt from excess metal; crystallisation |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q6 (c)–(d) | 9 | Insoluble salt by precipitation: equations, method |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q6 (c) | 5 | Soluble salt preparation from excess carbonate |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 (d) | 4 | Hydrated salts: water of crystallisation |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q2 (d) | 3 | Salt by neutralisation and titration |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q4 (a)–(d) | 8 | Preparing a soluble salt from a carbonate |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a)–(d) | 6 | Preparing a soluble salt from a metal |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q6 (b) | 6 | Preparing hydrated salt crystals from a carbonate |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q5 (d),(f)–(i) | 6 | Salt preparation steps and saturated solution |
Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 4 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| May/June 2025 · Paper 61 | Q1 | 9 | Soluble salt by titration and crystallisation |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 63 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: preparing a pure insoluble salt |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 8 | Insoluble salt preparation: precipitation and filtration |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 61 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: soluble salt crystals from insoluble base |
Chapter 13: The Periodic Table
113 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 87 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q23 | Group position from ion charge | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q24 | Group I trends | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q25 | Halogen displacement reactions | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Group I properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Appearance of a halogen | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Locating noble gases in the Periodic Table | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q23 | Periodic Table position: metal character and outer electrons | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q26 | Transition element properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q27 | Group I and Group VII properties | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q21 | Trends across a period | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q22 | Group VII trends | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q23 | Transition element vs Group I properties | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q24 | Noble gases: structure and reactivity | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Predicting noble gas data from trends | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Physical properties of Group I metals | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Predicting state of a Group VII element | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Halogen displacement description | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q21 | Group I and Group VII density trends | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q22 | Group membership from proton number | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q23 | Properties of noble gases | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q24 | Identifying a transition element from data | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Properties of elements in the same group | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Predicting Group VII properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q20 | Group I and Group VII properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q21 | Identifying a halogen from physical data | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q22 | Transition element properties in a reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Transition element properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Halogen properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q24 | Transition element properties in a reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q25 | Arrangement and use of Periodic Table | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q27 | Period 3 elements: groups and character | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q28 | Group VII structure and reactivity trend | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q29 | Identifying transition elements from data | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q2 | Groups and periods: shared properties | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Group I trends: melting point and density | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Transition element properties | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Noble gases: structure and properties | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q22 | Group membership and similar properties | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q23 | Group I trends: identifying an element | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q24 | Noble gas properties | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Periodic Table position and trends | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Group VII trends: predicting properties | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Transition element characteristic | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q20 | Transition element compounds: colour | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q22 | Noble gases from electronic configuration | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Noble gas trends | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Placing an element from its properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Transition elements: variable oxidation states | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q23 | Group I properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q24 | Halogens: properties and displacement | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q25 | Transition elements: properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q26 | Variable oxidation numbers | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q18 | Metallic character across a period | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q19 | Group II trends from data | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q20 | Placing element in group from properties | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q21 | Halogens: similarities and differences | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q22 | Transition elements: physical properties | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q19 | Periodic Table: outer electrons and position | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Group I trends | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Transition elements: properties | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q21 | Metallic to non-metallic trend across period | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q23 | Transition elements: typical property | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Periodic Table position and electronic structure | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Group trends: reactivity and density | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Transition elements: variable oxidation states | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q21 | Predicting Group II trends | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q22 | Group I trends: predicting data | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q23 | Transition element properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Reactivity trends in Groups II and VII | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q22 | Metal and non-metal positions in a period | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Locating transition elements in the Periodic Table | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q21 | Group I and VII trends | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q22 | Variable oxidation states of metals | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q20 | Electronic structure and Periodic Table position | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q21 | Trends down a group | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q22 | Transition elements: ions with different charges | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q25 | Noble gas outer-shell arrangement | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q21 | Trends down a group | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Transition element properties | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Group I and VII density trends | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q21 | Trends down a group | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q22 | Metallic character across a period | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q23 | Predicting properties from group trends | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q24 | Transition element properties | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q25 | Noble gas atom: particle numbers | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Noble gases: properties and position | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q28 | Transition element properties from data |
Paper 4 (Theory): 26 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q5 (b) | 4 | Transition elements vs Group I metals |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q6 (a)–(d)(i),(e) | 9 | Group VII and Group I: properties and displacement |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 (c)–(d) | 2 | Recall: Periodic Table counts |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 (a)–(b) | 6 | Group I: trends, flame colour, uses |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q6 (a)–(e)(ii) | 12 | Group I and Group VII: reactions, properties, displacement |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q3 | 13 | Group VII: properties, displacement, redox |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 (b) | 3 | Transition element properties |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q6 (b) | 4 | Transition metal vs Group I properties |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a)–(c) | 4 | Halogens: physical properties and trends |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d)(ii)–(iii) | 2 | Halogen displacement and reactivity |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q3 (b) | 6 | Halogen displacement: colours and ionic equation |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 8 | Electronic configuration and Periodic Table position |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (b) | 2 | Transition elements vs Group I: physical properties |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q2 (a) | 6 | Period 2 elements: properties recall |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a)–(c) | 5 | Halogens: group name, similarity, colours and states |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (e) | 3 | Halogen displacement reactions |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q2 (a) | 6 | Period 3 elements: properties recall |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a)–(b) | 7 | Group I metals: bonding and reaction with water |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 (c) | 2 | Transition elements: properties |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 8 | Recall: Period 2 elements and properties |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a)–(b)(iii) | 5 | Group I metal: storage, combustion, equation |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q7 (a)–(d) | 8 | Group I, transition elements, halogen displacement |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 8 | Recall: Period 3 elements and their uses |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (b)–(d) | 8 | Transition elements vs Group I properties |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q6 | 16 | Group I, transition metals, halogen displacement |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 10 | Recall: identifying elements from properties |
Chapter 14: Metals, Alloys and Reactivity
74 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 58 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q26 | Order of reactivity of metals | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q27 | Metal displacement from oxide: reactivity and redox | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Reactivity order from experimental results | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q28 | Identifying metals from reactivity | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q25 | Uses and properties of a metal | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q26 | Identifying a metal from its reactions | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q27 | Displacement results and reactivity order | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Alloy vs pure metal properties | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Reactivity order from displacement equations | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q25 | Metal reactivity with acid: observations | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q26 | Strength of alloys explained | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q28 | Alloys: structure and composition | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q29 | Apparent unreactivity of aluminium | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q24 | Metal uses related to properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Identifying metals from properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Aluminium apparent unreactivity | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q26 | Reactivity series order | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q27 | Metal displacement from salt solutions | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q32 | Metal displacement and reactivity series | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Reactivity from water, steam and acid | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q29 | Alloy identification from particle diagram | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Typical physical properties of metals | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q3 | Alloys vs elements: classification | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q25 | Metal conductivity and reaction with acid | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q27 | Reactivity series order | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Alloys: properties of brass | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q28 | Metal displacement and reactivity | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q31 | Aluminium resistance to corrosion | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q21 | Properties and uses of zinc | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q23 | Alloys: strength explained | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q25 | Apparent unreactivity of aluminium | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Reactivity series: predicting properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Reactivity: tendency to lose electrons | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q27 | Alloys: properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q28 | Reactivity series: predicting reactions and extraction | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q23 | Metal with dilute acid: gas produced | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q25 | Alloys: why steel is stronger | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q26 | Properties of metals vs non-metals | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q27 | Apparent unreactivity of aluminium | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q23 | Properties of a metal | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Uses of metals and properties | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Reactivity series from reactions | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q24 | Properties of common metals | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q26 | Reactivity order from observations | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Alloys: nature of brass | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Uses of metals linked to properties | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Reactions of metals producing hydrogen | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q24 | Reactivity order from displacement information | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Unreactive metal: steam and acid reactions | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q25 | Reactions of metals: statements | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q26 | General properties of metals | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q27 | Reactivity order from experimental results | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Reactivity order from experimental results | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Alloy structure diagrams | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q13 | Metal with steam: gas and reaction type | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q26 | Identifying metals from properties | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Reactivity series: which reactions occur | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Alloys: composition of brass |
Paper 4 (Theory): 13 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q2 (c)–(d) | 8 | Reactive metal with water and oxygen |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (b)(i)–(ii) | 2 | Aluminium oxide layer; displacement equation |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q3 (b) | 2 | Alloys: usefulness and composition |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (b) | 2 | Alloys: definition and composition |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q3 (e) | 3 | Reactivity series: displacement and oxide layer |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a)–(c) | 11 | Metal ions, displacement, Group II with water |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q2 (d)–(e) | 4 | Aluminium: uses and apparent unreactivity |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q3 (a) | 6 | Metal displacement and reactivity order |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 (d) | 2 | Alloys: steel and stainless steel |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q5 (c) | 2 | Alloys: why harder than pure metals |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q4 (d) | 3 | Metal–acid equation and hydrogen test |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 4 | Alloys and physical properties of metals |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a) | 3 | Metal reaction with water: equation |
Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 3 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 61 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: reactivity order from temperature rise |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 7 | Reaction of a metal with steam: apparatus |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: reactivity order of metals with acid |
Chapter 15: Corrosion and Extraction of Metals
74 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 56 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q28 | Rust prevention methods | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q29 | Extraction of aluminium by electrolysis | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Zinc coating: protection methods | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q28 | Blast furnace: heat-producing reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q29 | Aluminium electrolysis: half-equations and anode | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q32 | Blast furnace stages in order | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q33 | Aluminium extraction: anode reactions | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q28 | Extraction of iron: reduction | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q29 | Galvanising | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Galvanising: barrier and sacrificial protection | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q28 | Blast furnace reactions | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q27 | Thermal decomposition of limestone | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Sacrificial protection explained | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Blast furnace equations | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q23 | Sacrificial protection metal choice | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q25 | Aluminium extraction: anode reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Sacrificial protection explanations | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Role of cryolite in aluminium extraction | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q31 | Rusting and its prevention | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Sacrificial protection metal choice | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Blast furnace: reduction of iron ore | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q26 | Aluminium extraction: electrolyte composition | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q29 | Blast furnace: slag formation | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Aluminium extraction by electrolysis | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q24 | Reduction of metal oxide with carbon | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q26 | Conditions for rusting | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q27 | Blast furnace reactions | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q28 | Aluminium extraction: electrode half-equations | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Conditions for rusting | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q28 | Sacrificial protection by coating | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q29 | Role of limestone in blast furnace | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q29 | Rusting experiments: conditions | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q30 | Blast furnace reactions | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q28 | Aluminium extraction: anode changes | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Rust: identity of product | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q28 | Role of cryolite in aluminium extraction | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q27 | Sacrificial protection | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q28 | Blast furnace reactions | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q28 | Blast furnace: reaction types | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q24 | Aluminium extraction statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q27 | Metal used for galvanising | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q33 | Thermal decomposition of limestone | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Rusting conditions experiment | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Uses of zinc: galvanising and alloy | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Thermal decomposition of limestone | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q33 | Thermal decomposition of limestone | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q23 | Aluminium extraction: cryolite and cathode reaction | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q24 | Galvanising and sacrificial protection | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q34 | Thermal decomposition of limestone | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Sacrificial protection against rusting | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Thermal decomposition of limestone | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q9 | Aluminium extraction: half-equations and cryolite | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q30 | Sacrificial protection against rusting | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q34 | Thermal decomposition of limestone | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q26 | Aluminium extraction by electrolysis | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Lime: formation from limestone and uses |
Paper 4 (Theory): 17 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a) | 7 | Blast furnace: ore, reactions, slag |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q3 (a) | 5 | Aluminium extraction by electrolysis |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q3 (d) | 4 | Aluminium extraction by electrolysis |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 3 | Metal extraction by carbon reduction; alloys |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q2 (a)–(e) | 10 | Aluminium extraction: electrolyte, electrode reactions |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 9 | Recall: identifying substances from uses and properties |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q6 (a) | 6 | Blast furnace: raw materials and products |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q6 (c) | 3 | Galvanising and sacrificial protection |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q6 (a) | 6 | Blast furnace: ore, reducing agent, limestone role |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q6 (c) | 3 | Sacrificial protection of steel |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q1 (a)–(e) | 16 | Blast furnace reactions and aluminium extraction |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q2 (c) | 7 | Aluminium extraction by electrolysis |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a)–(c),(e)–(f) | 15 | Blast furnace, rusting and its prevention |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q5 (b),(d) | 12 | Blast furnace; rusting and galvanising |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q5 (b) | 4 | Aluminium extraction from bauxite |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 6 | Recall: oxides in extraction, pollution, structure |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q3 (a)–(d) | 10 | Aluminium extraction by electrolysis |
Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 1 question
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| May/June 2024 · Paper 63 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: comparing rusting of iron alloys |
Chapter 16: Water and Fertilisers
31 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 29 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Water treatment sequence | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q30 | NPK fertiliser composition | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q29 | Chemical tests for water: colour changes | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q28 | Sources of substances in river water | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q29 | Chemical tests for water | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q31 | Impure water: tests and boiling point | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q32 | Domestic water treatment stages | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q28 | NPK fertiliser compounds | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q28 | NPK fertiliser meaning | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q33 | Water pollutants causing deoxygenation | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q34 | Test for pure water | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Domestic water treatment stages | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q28 | Chemical tests for water | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q28 | River water substances harmful to life | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q32 | NPK fertiliser compounds | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q29 | Testing purity of water | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Water treatment stages | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q31 | Uses of chlorinated water | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q29 | Water treatment stages | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q29 | Chemical test for water | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q25 | Water treatment sequence | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q29 | Water: purity, tests, pollution | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q28 | Water treatment: filtration stage | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q28 | Water treatment: filtration stage | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q28 | Water treatment: filtration stage | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q29 | Water treatment processes and uses | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q31 | NPK fertilisers: choosing compounds | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q31 | NPK fertilisers: choosing compounds | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q31 | NPK fertilisers: choosing compounds |
Paper 4 (Theory): 1 question
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q3 (c) | 4 | Ammonium fertiliser: use and percentage nitrogen |
Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 1 question
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 63 | Q1 | 7 | Practical: detecting water from burning fuel |
Chapter 17: Air Quality and Climate
58 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 43 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q30 | Catalytic converter: drawback | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q31 | Gases in clean and polluted air | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q31 | Nitrogen oxides: formation and removal | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Greenhouse effect process | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q29 | Catalytic converter equation | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q30 | Greenhouse gas statements | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q31 | Greenhouse effect mechanism | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q32 | Formation of nitrogen oxides in engines | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Catalytic converter reactions | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q31 | Carbon dioxide and global warming | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q30 | Identifying greenhouse gases | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q31 | Greenhouse effect mechanism | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q32 | Catalytic converter: redox and pollutants | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Percentage of oxygen in air experiment | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Catalytic converter reactions | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q26 | Composition of clean air | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q27 | Catalytic converter: fate of nitrogen oxides | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q28 | Photosynthesis equation | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q27 | Greenhouse gases and global warming processes | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q29 | Composition of clean air | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q35 | Catalytic converter reactions | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q8 | Photosynthesis equation and product formula | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q31 | Flue gas desulfurisation | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q29 | Formation and removal of nitrogen oxides | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Greenhouse gases and global warming | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Photosynthesis facts | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q30 | Oxides of nitrogen and catalytic converters | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q31 | Greenhouse effect mechanism | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q32 | Nitrogen oxides formation and removal | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q32 | Catalytic converter: fate of nitrogen oxides | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q30 | Photosynthesis equation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q31 | Greenhouse effect mechanism | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q25 | Gases causing acid rain | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q30 | Catalytic converter reactions | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q29 | Pollutant gases from combustion | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q29 | Sulfur dioxide and acid rain damage | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q29 | Sulfur dioxide and acid rain damage | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q29 | Sulfur dioxide and acid rain damage | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q30 | Formation of nitrogen oxides in engines | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q32 | Processes producing carbon dioxide | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q29 | Nitrogen oxide formation and catalytic converters | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q32 | Processes increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q32 | Carbon dioxide and methane: sources and effects |
Paper 4 (Theory): 14 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 (d)–(e) | 5 | Nitrogen oxides: effects and catalytic removal |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 10 | Substance list recall: air, pollutants, mixed |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 (a)–(b) | 2 | Recall: air composition, industrial temperature |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 7 | Recall: gas properties; catalytic converter equation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q6 (a) | 4 | Photosynthesis: equation and conditions |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 6 | Recall: properties and sources of common gases |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q5 (c) | 4 | Greenhouse gases and global warming |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q5 (d) | 3 | Effects of vehicle exhaust gases; fuel cell drawback |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q1 (a)–(d) | 4 | Air composition and pollutant removal |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q1 (f)–(g) | 3 | Carbon monoxide effects; photosynthesis products |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 9 | Recall: identifying substances from a list |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 8 | Recall: identifying substances from a list |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (a)–(b) | 3 | Nitrogen oxides: formation and effects |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (f) | 2 | Catalytic converter reactions |
Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 1 question
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| May/June 2022 · Paper 63 | Q1 | 5 | Percentage of oxygen in air experiment |
Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry: Fuels and Alkanes
87 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 68 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q32 | Petroleum fractions and uses | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q33 | Recognising an alcohol from its structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q34 | Alkane substitution: type and products | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q32 | Homologous series features | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Identifying structural isomers | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q31 | Reaction type: alkane with chlorine | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q37 | Identifying members of a homologous series | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q33 | Identifying structural isomers | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q34 | Number of bonds in an alkane | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q32 | Structural formula from alcohol name | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Petroleum fractions and uses | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Alkane substitution with chlorine | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q33 | Structural isomers of an alkene | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q34 | Homologous series characteristics | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q35 | Classifying hydrocarbons by bonding | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q36 | Photochemical substitution of methane | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Substitution products: structural isomers | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q29 | Homologous series characteristics | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q32 | Petroleum fractions: boiling points | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q33 | Alkane substitution equation | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Fossil fuels and petroleum fractions | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q31 | Meaning of saturated compound | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q32 | Homologous series properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Properties of methane | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q30 | Homologous series: similar chemical properties | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q31 | Classifying compounds into homologous series | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q32 | Naming a halogenoalkane | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q38 | Homologous series identification | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q39 | Alkane chlorination: conditions and products | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Recognising an alkene formula | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Homologous series characteristics | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q30 | Identifying structural isomers | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q31 | Alkane series: formula and boiling point trend | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q36 | Methane: chlorination and combustion | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Identifying structural isomers | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Alkane substitution with chlorine | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q31 | Structural isomers and homologous series | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q33 | Alkane substitution with chlorine | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q37 | Complete combustion of an alkane | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Displayed formulae of organic compounds | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Covalent bonds in an alkane molecule | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Conditions for alkane substitution | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q33 | Identifying structural isomers | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q34 | Alkane–chlorine reaction type | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q32 | Structural isomers of alkanes | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q34 | Petroleum fractions and chain length | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q30 | Structural isomers and general formula | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Alkane substitution with chlorine | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Substitution products of methane | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q31 | Types of organic formula | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q33 | Alkane substitution with chlorine | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q35 | Identifying structural isomers | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q12 | Fuels: physical state and combustion products | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q34 | Formula of an alcohol | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q35 | Structural isomers: definition | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q36 | Homologous series: shared general formula | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q12 | Fuels: physical state and combustion products | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Counting CH2 units in homologous compounds | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Chlorination of methane: products | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q12 | Fuels: physical state and combustion products | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q35 | Homologous series: formula of an alcohol | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q37 | Alkane reaction with chlorine: reaction type | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q37 | Identifying an organic liquid from properties | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Structural isomers and homologous series | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Alkane substitution with chlorine: products | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q36 | Alkane reaction with chlorine: reaction type | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q37 | Structural isomers of an alkene | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Naming organic compounds from structures |
Paper 4 (Theory): 19 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 12 | Alkanes: series traits, substitution, isomers |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q6 (a)–(c) | 4 | Homologous series; complete combustion equation |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 10 | Substance list recall: structures, hydrocarbons, mixed |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q6 (a)–(f) | 8 | Homologous series: alkenes, combustion, naming, isomers |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q5 (b) | 2 | Petroleum separation and cracking processes |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q5 (d) | 4 | Naming members of homologous series |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q1 | 9 | Recall: identifying molecules from properties and uses |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 (a)–(c) | 6 | Alkanes: combustion and chlorine substitution |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q6 (a)–(c) | 8 | Homologous series: features and identification |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q7 (a) | 3 | Alkane photochemical substitution and isomers |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 (a) | 5 | Alkane photochemical substitution |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 6 | Recognising reaction types from equations |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q7 (a)–(b)(i) | 5 | Alkane substitution, isomers, homologous series |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 (a)–(d) | 5 | Homologous series, general formula, isomers |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q6 (d) | 3 | Structural isomers |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q5 (a)–(d) | 4 | Alkane photochemical substitution |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q4 (c) | 5 | Homologous series and alcohol isomers |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q5 (b) | 2 | Alkane substitution with chlorine |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q6 (a) | 4 | Homologous series and general formula |
Chapter 19: Alkenes, Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
116 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 79 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q36 | Addition of hydrogen to alkenes: catalyst | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q37 | Bacterial oxidation of ethanol | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Naming an ester from its structure | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Products of cracking | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Ethanol manufacture: advantages and disadvantages | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q34 | Reactions of ethanoic acid | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q36 | Addition reactions of an alkene | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q38 | Ethanoic acid: formation and reactions | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q17 | Oxidation of ethanol by manganate(VII) | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q35 | Ethanol manufacture methods compared | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q36 | Identifying a carboxylic acid from properties | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Displayed formula of an ester | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Ethanol by hydration: advantages | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Oxidation of alcohol to carboxylic acid | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Ethanol by fermentation: disadvantages | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q30 | Saturated vs unsaturated compounds | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q31 | Cracking to make alkenes | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q34 | Alkene addition reactions and catalysts | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q35 | Oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q36 | Ester naming and starting compounds | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q29 | Product of alkene with bromine | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Fermentation vs hydration advantages | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Recognising an addition reaction | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q33 | Cracking to make ethene | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q34 | Making carboxylic acids from ethanol | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q35 | Reactions of an alkene | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q36 | Bond types in a carboxylic acid | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q30 | Carboxylic acid properties and esters | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q36 | Ethanol by hydration: disadvantages | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Naming an ester from acid and alcohol | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Ethanoic acid properties | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Alkene hydration: isomeric alcohols | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Fermentation vs hydration advantages | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q32 | Displayed formula of an ester | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q33 | Fermentation vs hydration comparison | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q34 | Carboxylic acid reactions | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q20 | Ethanoic acid properties and reactions | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Hydration of ethene | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q32 | Structure of a carboxylic acid | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q34 | Esterification catalyst | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Alcohol from alkene and steam | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q35 | Alkene addition with bromine | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q36 | Advantages of fermentation | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q37 | Oxidation of ethanol and esterification | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q38 | Petroleum to polymer: process sequence | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q33 | Naming esters | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q35 | Cracking equation | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q36 | Alkene addition of bromine product | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q31 | Bromine water test for alkenes | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q32 | Addition reactions of ethene | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Ethanol manufacture: comparing methods | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Ester formula from acid and alcohol | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q32 | Structure of a carboxylic acid | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q34 | Cracking, alkenes and polymer classification | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q36 | Ethanol manufacture conditions | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q31 | Esters: naming from structure | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q32 | Alkenes: addition of bromine product | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Ethanol manufacture: comparing methods | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q34 | Esterification: product type | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q37 | Hydration of ethene | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q38 | Oxidation of ethanol | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Addition reactions of ethene: conditions | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Oxidation of ethanol | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Unsaturated hydrocarbons: statements | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q34 | Ester structural formula from name | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q36 | Addition reaction with hydrogen | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q35 | Ester naming from acid and alcohol | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q36 | Ethanol manufacture: fermentation vs hydration | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q38 | Two-carbon hydrocarbon: identity and properties | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q39 | Oxidation of ethanol by acidified manganate(VII) | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Ester naming from acid and alcohol | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Ethanol from ethene: reagent | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Cracking: valid equations | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q35 | Ester naming from acid and alcohol | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q38 | Cracking: identifying products | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q33 | Esters: identifying parent acid and alcohol | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Oxidation of an alcohol to carboxylic acid | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Addition of bromine to an alkene: product | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Ethanol: uses, bonding and manufacture |
Paper 4 (Theory): 34 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q5 (a)–(d) | 16 | Alcohols: series, ethanol manufacture, reactions |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 8 | Esters: linkage, naming, formation, combustion |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q6 (c) | 4 | Esterification: products, catalyst, naming |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 41 | Q5 (c)–(d) | 7 | Alcohol series and esters |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q1 (e)–(h) | 4 | Recall: fermentation, alkenes, alcohols, esters |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 43 | Q5 (c)–(d) | 6 | Carboxylic acids and esters: naming, structure |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42 | Q6 (g)–(h) | 6 | Alkene addition with bromine; carboxylic acid product |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q5 (e) | 4 | Alkene hydrogenation: unsaturation and addition |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 (a)–(c) | 6 | Cracking: source, conditions, equation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q6 (a)–(c) | 5 | Hydrocarbons, cracking, alkene with bromine |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q7 (c)–(d) | 6 | Cracking equation; esters and isomeric acids |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a)–(d) | 6 | Ester hydrolysis products: naming and formulae |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 42 | Q6 (b)–(c)(ii) | 6 | Ethanol by fermentation and hydration |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q7 (c)–(d) | 5 | Cracking equation; alcohol formula and isomers |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q4 (a)–(b) | 5 | Esterification: formula types, naming ester |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 (d) | 5 | Alkene hydration: alcohol products |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41 | Q6 (a)–(b),(d)–(f) | 13 | Ethanol manufacture, oxidation, ethanoic acid reactions |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q6 (a)–(d) | 7 | Esters: naming, formation, formulae |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q1 (c)–(f) | 4 | Recognising organic and biological reaction types |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q7 (b)(i)–(iii) | 6 | Functional groups and characteristic reactions |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 (b)–(c) | 6 | Alkene addition reactions and products |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q6 (a)–(c) | 3 | Esterification: naming and products |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 (e) | 3 | Cracking: equation and process |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 (g)–(h) | 6 | Carboxylic acid reactions and esterification |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q5 (a)–(c) | 3 | Alkenes: general formula, bromine test, addition |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q6 (a) | 2 | Ester naming and empirical formula |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q6 (c) | 4 | Ester formation: acid and alcohol structures |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q6 (a)–(c) | 3 | Carboxylic acid formula and naming |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q6 (e) | 6 | Esterification and ester isomers |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q5 (e)–(g) | 6 | Carboxylic acids and ester naming |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q5 | 15 | Organic reaction scheme: ethanol routes and oxidation |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 43 | Q4 (d) | 3 | Ester naming from structure |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q5 (a) | 4 | Cracking: reaction type and equation |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q6 (c)–(d) | 6 | Ester formation, naming and isomers |
Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 3 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| May/June 2025 · Paper 63 | Q1 | 7 | Fermentation practical: apparatus and gas collection |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 61 | Q1 | 8 | Fermentation practical: method and apparatus |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 7 | Cracking practical: apparatus and alkene test |
Chapter 20: Polymers
58 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 38 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q35 | Addition polymerisation equation | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q38 | Addition vs condensation polymers | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Addition polymer repeat unit | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q35 | Monomers forming condensation polymers | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q37 | Condensation polymer repeat unit | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Monomers from a condensation polymer | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q37 | Polymer linkages and types | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Condensation polymerisation of nylon | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q37 | Monomers and polymerisation types | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q38 | Proteins as natural polyamides | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Amide and ester linkages in polymers | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Protein structure as polyamide | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q37 | Protein structure as polyamide | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q37 | Properties of PET | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Monomer from addition polymer | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q35 | Condensation polymer: polyamide features | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Polymer structures: monomers and linkages | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q35 | Monomer from addition polymer | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q36 | Condensation polymers: nylon and PET | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Nylon as a polyamide | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Addition polymer of ethene | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q37 | Addition polymerisation terms | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q38 | Condensation polymers: nylon linkages | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Structure of PET | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q37 | Condensation polymerisation: small molecule lost | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q35 | Condensation polymers: nylon structure | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Addition polymer repeat unit | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q39 | Polyester structure identification | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q40 | Condensation polymerisation: polyamide | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Condensation polymer from its monomers | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Condensation polymerisation: polyamide | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q38 | Functional groups forming an amide linkage | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q39 | Addition polymer from an alkene | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q40 | Condensation polymerisation: polyamide | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q40 | Synthetic polyamides | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Polyester linkage identification | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q36 | Addition polymer: identifying monomers | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Structure of nylon |
Paper 4 (Theory): 20 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41 | Q5 (e) | 4 | Polyester formation from diol and diacid |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43 | Q6 (d)–(e) | 9 | Addition polymer monomer; amino acids and polyamides |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 42 | Q6 (e)(i)–(iii) | 4 | Unsaturated monomer: addition polymer repeat unit |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q6 (a)–(d) | 8 | Proteins: amino acids and amide linkages |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 (d) | 5 | Addition polymer from an alkene |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 14 | Polyamides, proteins and polyesters: structures |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q6 (d) | 4 | Addition polymer repeat unit; empirical formula |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q7 (b) | 3 | Monomer from addition polymer section |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q7 (b) | 4 | Addition polymer: monomer identification |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42 | Q5 (e) | 4 | Addition polymer repeat units |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42 | Q6 (d) | 3 | Amino acids and natural polyamides |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q6 (e)–(f) | 5 | Condensation polymers and proteins |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 41 | Q7 (b)(iv)–(v) | 3 | Addition and condensation polymers |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q6 (d) | 4 | Polyester: repeat unit and monomers |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 43 | Q7 (b)(ii)–(c) | 7 | Addition and condensation polymers |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42 | Q5 (f) | 3 | Addition polymer: repeat units |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q6 (b) | 5 | Addition polymer: monomer and empirical formula |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q6 (d) | 3 | Synthetic polyamides and functional groups |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q6 | 9 | Condensation and addition polymers: monomers |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q6 (e) | 5 | Polyester structure and polymerisation type |
Chapter 21: Experimental Techniques and Separation
104 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 51 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q40 | Separating ethanol from a mixture by distillation | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Choosing apparatus to measure volume | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Chromatography: locating agent step | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q11 | Saturated solution definition | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q40 | Paper chromatography method order | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q38 | Apparatus for measuring volume | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q39 | Obtaining crystals from a solution | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 21 | Q40 | Interpreting a chromatogram | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Measuring a liquid volume precisely | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Filtration: residue and filtrate | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Effect of impurity on melting and boiling points | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q38 | Filtration: solvent and residue | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q39 | Apparatus for fractional distillation | |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 23 | Q40 | Rf value formula | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Rf value formula | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q39 | Effect of impurities on melting and boiling | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Apparatus for fixed volume measurement | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Separating a soluble salt from insoluble solid | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q38 | Calculating Rf from a chromatogram | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q39 | Separating a salt mixture by solubility | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q40 | Chromatography principles and Rf | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Apparatus for measuring gas volume | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q21 | Separating a precipitate from a mixture | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q37 | Titration end-point detection | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q38 | Chromatography: comparing Rf values | |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Interpreting a chromatogram | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q38 | Chromatography: Rf of an impurity | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q39 | Separating a precipitate: filtration | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Titration apparatus use | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Chromatography: Rf calculation | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q39 | Chromatography: Rf values | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q39 | Titration apparatus | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 21 | Q40 | Chromatography: calculating Rf | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Separating salt from sand: method | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Chromatography: Rf and solubility | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q38 | Titration apparatus | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q39 | Chromatography: Rf calculation | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q37 | Measuring apparatus for mass and volume | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q38 | Chromatography: interpreting a chromatogram | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Separating a mixture: filtration and crystallisation | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q2 | Rf value calculation | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21 | Q3 | Separating a mixture using solvents | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Interpreting a chromatogram: mixtures | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q2 | Comparing Rf values on a chromatogram | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q2 | Apparatus needed for a rate measurement | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 21 | Q4 | Importance of purity in everyday substances | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q2 | Apparatus needed for a rate measurement | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 22 | Q3 | Measuring an Rf value from a chromatogram | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q2 | Apparatus needed for a rate measurement | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q4 | Chromatogram: identifying components of a mixture | |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22 | Q5 | Removing an insoluble solid by filtration |
Paper 4 (Theory): 8 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41 | Q6 (e)–(f) | 6 | Paper chromatography: Rf and technique |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q1 | 7 | Recall: naming industrial and separation processes |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 7 | Recall: naming separation and industrial processes |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q6 (c)(iii) | 3 | Chromatography of colourless substances |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 41 | Q3 (c)(i)–(iii) | 3 | Titration technique and indicator |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (c)(i)–(iii) | 5 | Saturated solution: meaning and preparation |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d)(i)–(iii) | 3 | Titration apparatus and indicator |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q6 (b) | 2 | Separating liquids by fractional distillation |
Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 45 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 61 | Q1 | 5 | Apparatus for preparing and collecting a gas |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 61 | Q2 | 18 | Titration practical: graph and extrapolation |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 9 | Practical: carbonate content by filtration and mass |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 18 | Titration practical with two indicators |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 63 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: percentage of a metal in an alloy |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: determining solubility of a salt |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 6 | Paper chromatography: errors and interpretation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 61 | Q1 | 5 | Separating insoluble solid and soluble salt |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 61 | Q2 | 19 | Precipitate height vs reagent volume: graphing practical |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 61 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: chromatography of plant pigments |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: titration to compare acid concentrations |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 63 | Q1 | 8 | Thermal decomposition apparatus and gas collection |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 63 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: percentage of a component by separation |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 61 | Q1 | 7 | Titration technique: apparatus and indicator |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 61 | Q4 | 6 | Planning separation of a three-component mixture |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 8 | Gas preparation apparatus and collection |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 15 | Titration-style practical: concentration comparison |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: obtaining a metal from its ore |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 63 | Q1 | 6 | Purifying a salt from rock salt |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 16 | Titration practical: readings, technique, comparison |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 61 | Q1 | 5 | Paper chromatography: setup and interpretation |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 61 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: comparing alkali concentrations by titration |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 7 | Separating a mixture to find percentage composition |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: solubility vs temperature |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 63 | Q1 | 9 | Heating a hydrated salt: apparatus and safety |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 63 | Q2 | 16 | Titration practical: readings and technique |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 61 | Q2 | 16 | Titration-style experiment: readings and technique |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 6 | Reducing a metal oxide: apparatus and safety |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: separating a mixture to find percentage |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 63 | Q1 | 7 | Separation techniques: distillation and filtration |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 63 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: comparing solubility in two solvents |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 18 | Solubility vs temperature experiment and graph |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 61 | Q1 | 6 | Gas preparation apparatus: errors |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 61 | Q2 | 19 | Solubility vs temperature curve |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 61 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: solvent extraction and indicator testing |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 6 | Paper chromatography setup |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: comparing water absorption |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 63 | Q1 | 7 | Gas preparation and collection apparatus |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 63 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: comparing acid concentration via gas |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 61 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: concentration of dissolved solids |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 62 | Q1 | 7 | Heating a solid: apparatus and safety |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 62 | Q2 | 19 | Titration with two indicators |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: extracting and purifying crystals |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 63 | Q2 | 19 | Titration: comparing acid concentrations |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 62 | Q4 | 6 | Planning: measuring dissolved gas volume |
Chapter 22: Identification of Ions and Gases
55 past-paper questions
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Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 16 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21 | Q39 | Flame tests for cations | |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23 | Q39 | Cation identification tests | |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22 | Q39 | Cation test with aqueous sodium hydroxide | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21 | Q40 | Identifying a compound from test results | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Test for sulfate ions | |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23 | Q40 | Flame test procedure | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 21 | Q24 | Ammonium salt with alkali: gas identified | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q39 | Test results for a metal nitrate solution | |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 23 | Q40 | Flame test colours | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21 | Q40 | Identifying a compound from ion tests | |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23 | Q40 | Identifying a compound from ion tests | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Identifying a salt from gas tests | |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 23 | Q40 | Identifying an element from its acidic gas | |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22 | Q40 | Identifying a compound: flame test and gas test | |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23 | Q19 | Cation tests with sodium hydroxide | |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 23 | Q20 | Cation tests: precipitate soluble in excess |
Paper 4 (Theory): 10 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42 | Q2 (c)(ii) | 2 | Test for an aqueous cation |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43 | Q4 (e) | 6 | Tests for ions in an acidic salt solution |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 41 | Q5 (b) | 2 | Test for sulfur dioxide |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43 | Q1 | 6 | Recall: tests and classes of substances |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 42 | Q2 (f) | 4 | Halide test with silver nitrate: ionic equation |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41 | Q2 (e) | 5 | Silver nitrate precipitate: identity and ionic equation |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (d) | 6 | Metal hydroxide precipitate: identity and ionic equation |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43 | Q5 (d)–(e) | 7 | Ion tests and sulfate ionic equation |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 42 | Q2 (c)(iv) | 3 | Test for calcium ions |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42 | Q3 (c)(iii) | 2 | Test for ammonia gas |
Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 29 questions
| Paper | Question | Marks | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 61 | Q3 | 11 | Identifying ions in unknown substances |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 7 | Identifying ions in unknown substances |
| Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 63 | Q3 | 9 | Identifying ions in unknown substances |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 61 | Q3 | 8 | Identifying ions in unknown substances |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 9 | Identifying ions in unknown substances |
| May/June 2025 · Paper 63 | Q3 | 9 | Identifying ions in unknown substances |
| Feb/March 2025 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 9 | Identifying ions in unknown substances |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 61 | Q3 | 10 | Flame, anion and cation tests on unknowns |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 9 | Ion and gas tests on unknown solids |
| Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 63 | Q3 | 6 | Identifying a salt from test results |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 61 | Q3 | 7 | Cation, anion and water tests on unknowns |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 11 | Ion and gas tests on unknowns |
| May/June 2024 · Paper 63 | Q3 | 9 | Ion tests, flame test, identifying a solution |
| Feb/March 2024 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 10 | Ion and gas tests on unknown solids |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 61 | Q3 | 9 | Testing unknown solids: ions and gases |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 9 | Testing unknown solids: ions and gases |
| Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 63 | Q3 | 9 | Testing unknown substances: ions and gases |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 61 | Q3 | 10 | Testing unknown solids: ions and gases |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 10 | Testing unknowns: flame test, ions, gases |
| May/June 2023 · Paper 63 | Q3 | 11 | Testing unknown solids: ions and gases |
| Feb/March 2023 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 9 | Testing unknown solutions: cations, anions, gases |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 61 | Q3 | 9 | Identifying ions and gases in two solids |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 9 | Identifying ions and gases in two solids |
| Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 63 | Q3 | 9 | Identifying ions and gases in a solid and solution |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 61 | Q1 | 8 | Combustion products: apparatus and tests |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 61 | Q3 | 6 | Identifying ions in a solid and solution |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 8 | Identifying ions and gases in two solids |
| May/June 2022 · Paper 63 | Q3 | 10 | Identifying ions in a solid and solution |
| Feb/March 2022 · Paper 62 | Q3 | 8 | Identifying ions in a solution and solid |
Revise the chapter before you practise. Our IGCSE Chemistry 0620 notes cover every syllabus statement with worked examples, common mistakes from examiner reports, 20 MCQs per chapter and original exam-style questions with full mark schemes.
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