Free resource · Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610

IGCSE Biology 0610 past paper questions by topic (2022–2025)

Every question from the 84 Extended papers of 2022–2025 — Paper 2 (Multiple Choice), Paper 4 (Theory), Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical) — sorted into the 23 chapters of our Biology notes: 1,422 questions. Pick a chapter, then open the official paper and go straight to the question number. Questions on content that is no longer in the current syllabus are left out.

This page lists question references only. Download the question papers and mark schemes from the Cambridge International website or your school. Notes Bazar is independent and not endorsed by or affiliated with Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Topic labels are our own.

1. Characteristics and Classification (79)
2. Cells and the Size of Specimens (62)
3. Movement into and out of Cells (71)
4. Biological Molecules (53)
5. Enzymes (61)
6. Plant Nutrition (74)
7. Human Nutrition (98)
8. Transport in Plants (76)
9. Transport in Animals (67)
10. Diseases, Immunity and Drugs (65)
11. Gas Exchange in Humans (44)
12. Respiration (56)
13. Excretion in Humans (40)
14. Nervous System and Sense Organs (45)
15. Hormones, Homeostasis and Tropisms (60)
16. Reproduction and Plant Reproduction (49)
17. Human Reproduction (51)
18. Chromosomes, Genes, Mitosis and Meiosis (51)
19. Monohybrid Inheritance (47)
20. Variation and Selection (68)
21. Organisms and their Environment (86)
22. Human Influences on Ecosystems (63)
23. Biotechnology and Genetic Modification (56)

Chapter 1: Characteristics and Classification

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 64 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q1		Characteristics of life shown by a plant
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q2		DNA base sequences in classification
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q1		Binomial names of two rat species
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q2		Identifying kingdoms from cell diagrams
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q1		Characteristic of all living organisms
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q2		Two parts of a scientific name
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q1		Characteristic needing carbon dioxide uptake
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q2		Features unique to birds
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q1		Characteristics of life in a margay
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q2		DNA sequences and species relationships
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q3		Kingdom of a single-celled organism
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q1		Characteristic of an aquatic plant
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q2		Identifying a prokaryote
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q1		Common ancestry of bacterial species
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q2		Identifying an arthropod group
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q1		Remaining characteristics of living organisms
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q2		Using a dichotomous key to a genus
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q3		Definition of a species
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q4		Group that includes myriapods
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q1		Organisms showing life processes
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q2		Genus from a binomial name
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q3		Using a key to identify a leaf
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q1		Description of excretion
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q2		Binomial name of the horse
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q1		Characteristic shown by a withdrawal response
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q2		Organisms that contain plasmids
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q1		Process carried out by all organisms
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q2		First part of a binomial name
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q1		Characteristic of all living organisms
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q2		Skin features of amphibians
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q1		Gas exchange as a characteristic of life
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q2		Species and human ancestors
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q3		Features of insects and arachnids
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q4		Identifying a vertebrate group
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q1		Processes carried out by all organisms
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q2		Genus in a binomial name
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q1		Characteristics of all living organisms
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q2		Binomial name of the Arctic fox
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q3		Feature of viruses
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q1		Characteristics of all living organisms
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q2		Binomial name of the lion
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q3		Life processes of Chlamydomonas
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q1		Characteristics of all organisms
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q2		Genus of the golden eagle
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q1		Process in plants and animals
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q2		Statements about species
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q1		Characteristics of all living organisms
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q2		Feature classifying a bird
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q1		DNA base sequences in classification
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q2		Number of legs in insects
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q1		Nutrition as a characteristic of life
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q2		Definition of a species
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q1		Nutrition as a characteristic of life
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q2		Definition of a species
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q1		Nutrition as a characteristic of life
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q2		Definition of a species
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q1		Respiration as a characteristic of life
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q2		Identifying a monocotyledon flower
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q1		Respiration as a characteristic of life
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q2		Identifying a monocotyledon flower
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q1		Respiration as a characteristic of life
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q2		Identifying a monocotyledon flower
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q1		Characteristics shown by pond microorganisms
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q2		Key to three kingdoms

Paper 4 (Theory): 13 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41	Q1	12	Dichotomous key for bacteria and virus structure
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42	Q2 (a)	4	Features of plants and other kingdoms
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43	Q1	10	Binomial system and classifying plant species
May/June 2025 · Paper 41	Q5 (a)	5	Classification using DNA base sequences
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42	Q1 (a)–(b)	6	Naming and identifying Chlorella
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43	Q2 (a)	4	Classifying an aphid as an insect
May/June 2024 · Paper 41	Q1 (a)–(b)	3	Features of vertebrate groups
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41	Q3 (a)	4	Features of amphibians
May/June 2023 · Paper 42	Q3 (b)	3	Features of prokaryotes
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42	Q3 (a)–(b)	9	Plant classification and fern life cycle
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41	Q1 (b)	7	Dichotomous key to mammal skulls
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42	Q1 (a)–(c)	7	Classifying and identifying algae
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43	Q6	10	Dichotomous key to flowers

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 2 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 61	Q2	15	Butterfly measurements, features and development data
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 63	Q3	20	Mushroom drawing, cap colour data, vitamin C test

Chapter 2: Cells and the Size of Specimens

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 55 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q3		Features of a Spirogyra cell
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q4		Magnification of a chloroplast image
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q3		Locating chromosomes in a plant cell
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q4		Cell, tissue and organ levels
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q3		Comparing palisade cell and neurone
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q4		Calculating aorta lumen diameter
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q3		Structures in plant and animal cells
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q4		Leaf as an organ
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q5		Actual size from microscope magnification
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q3		Structures in plant and bacterial cells
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q4		Converting micrometres to millimetres
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q5		Features shared by liver and plant cells
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q6		Converting millimetres to micrometres
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q4		Function of mitochondria
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q5		Cell membrane and cell wall functions
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q6		Actual size from magnification
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q14		Organs in the same organ system
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q3		Identifying a plant cell type
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q4		Formula for magnification
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q3		Structures present in different cells
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q4		Magnification of a red blood cell drawing
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q3		Cell part where glucose is made
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q4		Magnification of an onion cell
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q3		Cell components in different cells
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q4		Magnification of a pollen grain
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q5		Site of aerobic respiration in cells
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q6		Formula for actual size
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q3		Structures in prokaryotic cells
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q4		Location of chloroplasts in a cell
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q5		Actual size of a magnified flatworm
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q4		Features of all plant cells
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q5		Actual length of a bacterium
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q4		Structure containing chlorophyll
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q5		Actual size of a white blood cell
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q3		Root hair and palisade cell structures
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q4		Magnification of a plant cell photo
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q3		Structures in all living cells
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q4		Magnification of a palisade cell
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q3		Statements about cell structure
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q4		Comparing sizes of egg cells
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q3		Features identifying a plant cell
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q4		Magnification of a red blood cell
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q3		Root hair cell compared with sperm cell
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q3		Root hair cell compared with sperm cell
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q4		Specialised cells with moving structures
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q3		Root hair cell compared with sperm cell
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q4		Example of a tissue
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q3		Guard cell structures in other cells
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q4		Identifying a tissue in a leaf
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q3		Guard cell structures in other cells
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q4		Levels of organisation in the body
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q3		Guard cell structures in other cells
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q4		Heart as a level of organisation
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q3		Magnification of a mitochondrion diagram
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q4		Animal and plant cells under a microscope

Paper 4 (Theory): 7 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2025 · Paper 42	Q5 (c)	5	Root hair cell compared with bacterial cell
May/June 2024 · Paper 41	Q3 (a)	5	Root hair and palisade cell structures
May/June 2024 · Paper 43	Q1 (a)	4	Animal cell structures and functions
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41	Q2 (d)	5	Mitochondria numbers in different cells
May/June 2023 · Paper 42	Q5	4	Mitochondrion function and size calculation
May/June 2022 · Paper 42	Q1 (a)–(b)	6	Plant cell structures and their functions
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42	Q4 (a)	7	Bacterial cell compared with palisade cell

Chapter 3: Movement into and out of Cells

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 50 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q5		Osmosis in potato sticks
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q6		Features of active transport
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q5		Definition of diffusion
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q6		Potato cylinders in sugar solutions
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q4		Statements about active transport of ions
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q6		Conditions for fastest oxygen diffusion
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q7		Potato cylinders in different liquids
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q3		Plant cells in lower water potential
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q7		Potato cube in distilled water
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q5		Osmosis between mesophyll cells
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q6		Features of active transport
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q7		Potato cylinders in sucrose solutions graph
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q7		Water potential between plant cells
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q5		Active transport across a membrane
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q5		Plant cells in different solutions
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q6		Process requiring respiration energy
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q5		Plant cells in distilled water
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q6		Diagram representing active transport
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q5		Factors increasing diffusion rate
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q6		Potato cells in pure water
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q7		Oxygen diffusion into blood
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q8		Water potential between two cells
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q9		Description of active transport
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q6		Plant cell in a dilute solution
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q7		Active uptake of nitrate ions
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q6		Osmosis in a potato experiment
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q7		Statements about active transport
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q6		Plant cell placed in pure water
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q7		Process requiring active transport
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q5		Osmosis with dialysis tubing
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q6		Glucose moving against a gradient
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q5		Water entry into a root hair cell
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q6		Respiration and ion uptake in germination
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q5		Plant cell placed in pure water
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q6		Oxygen and glucose uptake graph
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q5		Molecule crossing a membrane in osmosis
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q6		Magnesium ion uptake by roots
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q5		Substances moving across membranes
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q6		Turgor pressure and external solution graph
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q5		Substances moving across membranes
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q6		Causes of plasmolysis
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q5		Substances moving across membranes
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q6		Factors affecting diffusion rate
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q5		Net movement in diffusion
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q6		Partially permeable part of a cell
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q5		Oxygen diffusion from alveoli
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q6		Partially permeable part of a cell
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q5		Diffusion of moth chemicals
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q6		Partially permeable part of a cell
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q6		Water potential of a plant cell

Paper 4 (Theory): 10 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2025 · Paper 41	Q6 (b)	3	Appearance of cells in a wilted plant
May/June 2025 · Paper 42	Q5 (a)–(b)	6	Nitrate uptake by active transport and osmosis
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42	Q1	16	Diffusion, active transport and osmosis in onion cells
May/June 2024 · Paper 43	Q1 (b)	7	Osmosis in animal cells
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42	Q1 (c)–(e)	10	Red blood cells in salt solutions
May/June 2023 · Paper 41	Q2 (a)–(c)	14	Osmosis in potato cubes and active transport
May/June 2023 · Paper 43	Q1	7	Diffusion and active transport in root hairs
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42	Q4 (b)	3	Energy for active uptake of mineral ions
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43	Q4 (d)	3	Osmosis in dandelion stem strips
May/June 2022 · Paper 41	Q3 (c)–(d)	6	Chloride ion transport and osmosis

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 11 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2025 · Paper 61	Q1	16	Concentration and diffusion in agar, osmosis plan
May/June 2025 · Paper 62	Q1	20	Salt solutions and osmosis in potato, leaf drawing
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 61	Q1	14	Osmosis using dialysis tubing
May/June 2024 · Paper 62	Q1	21	Acid concentration and diffusion in agar
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 62	Q2	13	Onion cell drawing and osmosis plan
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 61	Q1	18	Body size, heat loss and agar cube diffusion
May/June 2023 · Paper 61	Q2	20	Carrot root drawing and osmosis in salt
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 62	Q1	14	Temperature and dye diffusion from potato
May/June 2022 · Paper 62	Q1	19	Temperature and diffusion through dialysis tubing
May/June 2022 · Paper 63	Q1	22	Osmosis in raisins and potato
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 62	Q1	27	Surface area and diffusion in agar

Chapter 4: Biological Molecules

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 41 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q5		Complementary DNA base pairing
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q5		DNA base pairs
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q6		Biuret test for protein
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q21		Chemical formula of glucose
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q4		Bonds between DNA bases
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q7		Calculating DNA base numbers
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q8		Element in proteins not carbohydrates
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q8		Statements about biological molecules
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q8		DNA base pairing
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q6		Biuret test for protein
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q9		Molecules containing nitrogen
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q7		Base pairing at a sticky end
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q8		Iodine test for starch
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q7		Complementary DNA base sequence
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q7		Identifying molecules by elements
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q10		Elements in carbohydrates
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q11		Large molecules and their subunits
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q8		Benedict's test colour change
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q8		Chemical elements in proteins
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q9		Large and small biological molecules
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q8		Chemical elements in fats
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q9		Monomers of glycogen
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q7		Units in a protein molecule
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q8		Base pairing in DNA
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q8		DNA base pairs
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q7		Food test results on a fruit
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q8		Structure of DNA
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q7		DCPIP test for vitamin C
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q8		DNA base pairing
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q7		Complementary DNA strand sequence
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q7		Complementary DNA base sequence
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q8		Structure of DNA
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q9		Urine tests for glucose and protein
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q7		Basic units of starch and glycogen
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q8		Base percentages in DNA
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q7		Basic units of starch and glycogen
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q8		Calculating bases in a chromosome
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q7		Basic units of starch and glycogen
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q8		Structure of DNA
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q7		Positive test for vitamin C
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q8		Bonds between bases in DNA

Paper 4 (Theory): 5 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2025 · Paper 41	Q5 (b)	4	Structure of DNA
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42	Q3 (a)	5	Water content of body structures
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42	Q1 (d)	3	Proteins and their subunits
May/June 2023 · Paper 42	Q2 (a)–(b)	2	DNA base pairing and percentages
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41	Q4 (a)	4	Structure of DNA

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 7 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2025 · Paper 61	Q2	24	Vitamin C tests with DCPIP and fruit drawing
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 62	Q1	17	Benedict's estimation, pepsin and emulsion test
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 61	Q3	20	Specimen magnification, drawing and protein tests
May/June 2024 · Paper 61	Q1	8	Cooking time and vitamin C content
May/June 2023 · Paper 63	Q1	19	Food tests on drinks and catalase
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 61	Q1	19	Vitamin C content of drinks
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 62	Q2	13	Boiling and vitamin C in cabbage

Chapter 5: Enzymes

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 43 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q7		Enzyme activity and temperature graph
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q6		Identifying an enzyme
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q7		Oil drop size and enzyme digestion
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q7		Enzyme activity and temperature graph
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q8		Definition of enzymes
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q5		Pepsin substrate and denaturation
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q9		Statements describing enzymes
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q9		Enzyme collisions and temperature graph
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q9		Enzyme-substrate complex diagram
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q10		Temperature and starch digestion time graph
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q7		Characteristics of enzymes
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q8		Catalase in potato cubes
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q9		Lipase digestion of milk fats
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q8		Enzyme activity and pH graph
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q8		Temperature and starch digestion time
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q12		Enzyme activity and temperature graph
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q10		Enzyme active site statements
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q12		Enzyme and substrate tube experiment
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q10		Enzyme reaction rate and temperature
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q9		Properties true of all enzymes
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q10		Enzymes above 80 degrees
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q10		Enzyme activity and temperature graphs
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q9		Statements about enzymes
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q10		Enzyme rate up to the optimum
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q21		Enzyme activity and temperature graph
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q9		What remains after an enzyme reaction
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q10		Enzyme specificity
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q8		Different active site shapes
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q9		Enzyme activity below the optimum
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q10		Enzyme-catalysed reaction description
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q8		Substrate and product during a reaction
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q9		Enzyme activity and temperature graph
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q10		Statements about enzymes
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q7		Statements about enzymes
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q10		Protease as a catalyst
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q9		Terms for enzyme-controlled reactions
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q10		Effect of temperature on enzymes
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q9		Molecules that enzymes are made of
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q10		Effect of temperature on enzymes
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q9		Definition of an enzyme
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q10		Effect of temperature on enzymes
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q9		Enzymes controlling reaction speed
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q10		Enzyme activity above the optimum

Paper 4 (Theory): 9 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42	Q3	11	Effect of temperature on amylase activity
May/June 2025 · Paper 42	Q6	10	Effect of pH on two proteases
May/June 2024 · Paper 41	Q4 (a)	7	Lactase action on different liquids
May/June 2024 · Paper 43	Q3 (b)	4	Enzyme action diagram
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42	Q1	15	Lipase, catalysts and effect of pH
May/June 2023 · Paper 41	Q1 (c)–(d)	5	Lipase, temperature and specificity
May/June 2023 · Paper 42	Q7	8	Enzyme action sentences
May/June 2022 · Paper 41	Q1	10	Yeast sucrase activity and pH
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42	Q6 (c)	3	Importance of enzyme shape

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 9 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 61	Q2	6	Plan: amylase activity investigation
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 63	Q1	11	Invertase breakdown of sucrose
May/June 2025 · Paper 63	Q1	22	Catalase in potato, light intensity plan
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 63	Q1	23	Amylase and starch breakdown, washing powder plan
May/June 2024 · Paper 63	Q1	20	Catalase activity and amylase plan
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 62	Q1	11	Temperature and amylase activity
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 62	Q2	8	Plan: lipase and pH of milk, emulsion test
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 62	Q1	23	Hydrogen peroxide concentration and catalase
May/June 2022 · Paper 61	Q1	22	Amylase digestion of rice starch

Chapter 6: Plant Nutrition

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 53 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q8		Carbon dioxide as a limiting factor
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q9		Palisade and spongy mesophyll statements
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q8		Magnesium ions and chlorophyll
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q9		Identifying xylem in a leaf section
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q10		Gas exchange in a leaf experiment
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q8		Adaptations of spongy mesophyll
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q9		Limiting factors of photosynthesis investigation
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q10		Identifying a cell in a leaf section
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q6		Balanced equation for photosynthesis
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q9		Identifying a palisade mesophyll cell
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q10		Photosynthesis and respiration over 24 hours
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q11		Structure on the lower leaf surface
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q10		Starch as a plant energy store
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q11		Mineral needed for chlorophyll
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q12		Identifying a leaf tissue cell
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q10		Stomata on the lower leaf surface
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q10		Light intensity and an aquatic plant
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q11		Sites of photosynthesis in a leaf
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q9		Vascular bundles and photosynthesis
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q9		Structure containing chlorophyll
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q10		Leaf region containing phloem
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q13		Temperature and photosynthesis investigation
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q14		Nitrate ions for amino acids
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q15		Identifying the cuticle
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q11		Light and carbon dioxide limiting factors
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q11		Light intensity and photosynthesis curves
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q12		Oxygen release by chloroplasts
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q12		Light intensity and an aquatic plant
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q11		Hydrogencarbonate indicator with aquatic plants
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q12		Limiting factors of photosynthesis
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q11		Leaf starch test experiment
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q12		Temperature and photosynthesis rate graph
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q11		Variegated leaf starch experiment
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q12		Light intensity and photosynthesis graph
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q11		Destarched leaf and light experiment
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q12		Labelling a leaf cross-section
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q4		Leaf cell with most photosynthesis
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q11		Hydrogencarbonate indicator with leaves
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q12		Leaf substance obtained from soil
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q11		Hydrogencarbonate indicator with aquatic plants
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q12		Leaf substance obtained from soil
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q11		Light intensity limiting photosynthesis
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q12		Leaf substance obtained from soil
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q11		Tomato yield under different conditions
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q12		Air spaces in spongy mesophyll
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q11		Fate of photosynthesis products
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q12		Magnesium deficiency in leaves
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q11		Carbon dioxide and photosynthesis graph
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q12		Leaf features for photosynthesis
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q15		Identifying xylem in a leaf section
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q5		Carbon dioxide diffusion into a leaf
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q11		Variegated leaf covered with foil
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q12		Light intensity limiting photosynthesis

Paper 4 (Theory): 14 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43	Q5 (a)	4	Photosynthesis equation and mineral ions
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42	Q5 (a)	7	Leaf cross-section structures
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41	Q1 (a)	6	Leaf tissues in a photomicrograph
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41	Q1 (d)	2	Why plants need nitrate ions
May/June 2024 · Paper 42	Q4 (a)–(b)	8	Algae photosynthesis with hydrogencarbonate indicator
May/June 2024 · Paper 43	Q5 (a)	2	Photosynthesis equation
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42	Q4	12	Effect of temperature on photosynthesis
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43	Q2	11	Leaf structure and high carbon dioxide experiment
May/June 2023 · Paper 41	Q2 (d)	2	Magnesium deficiency in leaves
May/June 2023 · Paper 41	Q4	11	Limiting factors and uses of carbohydrates
May/June 2023 · Paper 42	Q1 (a)–(b)	8	Leaf as an organ and tissue adaptations
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42	Q4 (c)	2	Symbol equation for photosynthesis
May/June 2022 · Paper 42	Q1 (c)–(e)	7	Carbon dioxide and limiting factors
May/June 2022 · Paper 43	Q5	12	Glasshouse carbon dioxide and lighting

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 7 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2025 · Paper 62	Q3	6	Hydrogencarbonate indicator with aquatic plants
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 62	Q2	23	Leaf drawing and light intensity on leaf area
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 62	Q1	28	Light intensity and rate of photosynthesis
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 62	Q2	12	Carbon dioxide and floating leaf discs
May/June 2024 · Paper 61	Q2	6	Plan: light intensity and photosynthesis
May/June 2023 · Paper 62	Q2	17	Leaf area data and leaf drawing
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 61	Q3	6	Plan: temperature and photosynthesis

Chapter 7: Human Nutrition

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 78 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q10		Role of bile
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q11		Site and products of trypsin
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q7		Functions of the duodenum
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q8		pH along the alimentary canal
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q9		Absorption sites of small molecules
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q11		Example of chemical digestion
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q12		Structure and function in a villus
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q9		Diet compared with recommended allowances
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q10		Definition of assimilation
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q11		Function of trypsin
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q12		Identifying a lacteal in a villus
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q11		Sites of physical digestion
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q12		Reaction catalysed by lipase
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q13		Function of microvilli
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q10		Vitamin C deficiency symptoms
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q11		Definition of assimilation
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q12		Where protein digestion begins
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q12		Preventing scurvy
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q13		Teeth used for grinding
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q14		Bile and pH in the small intestine
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q11		Nutrient lacking in scurvy
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q12		Labelling the alimentary canal
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q13		Digestive enzymes statements
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q14		Absorption into a villus
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q13		Diet components for haemoglobin and vitamins
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q15		Transport of absorbed nutrients from a villus
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q11		Enzyme, substrate and site of action
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q12		Organ that stores bile
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q13		Statements about villi
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q14		Carbohydrate molecules along the gut
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q15		Properties of three digestive enzymes
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q16		Fibre and constipation
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q10		Product of protein digestion
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q11		Organ producing amylase
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q12		Absorption by lacteals
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q13		Main site of water absorption
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q14		Location of microvilli in a villus
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q11		Daily nutrient intake from foods
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q12		Order of processes in the gut
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q13		Chewing and surface area
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q14		Products of amylase action
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q15		Blood vessels leaving a villus
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q16		Minerals and rickets
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q17		Digestion of starch along the gut
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q18		Production and action of bile
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q19		Features of villi
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q9		Main site of water absorption
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q13		Identifying a molar tooth
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q14		Meaning of chemical digestion
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q15		Absorption in a villus
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q13		Identifying a premolar tooth
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q14		Starch-coated tablets and digestion
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q15		Vessels associated with a villus
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q13		Teeth for biting and cutting
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q14		Organ producing hydrochloric acid
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q15		Labelled vessels in a villus
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q13		Low haemoglobin and iron in diet
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q14		Statements about physical digestion
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q7		Main site of glucose absorption
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q9		Site of maltose digestion
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q13		Cause of scurvy
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q14		Identifying the duodenum
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q13		Diet components releasing energy
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q14		Parts of the small intestine
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q13		Teeth used for grinding
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q14		Absorption in villus vessels
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q14		Maltose along the alimentary canal
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q14		Maltose along the alimentary canal
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q14		Maltose along the alimentary canal
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q27		Diet intake against recommended amounts
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q13		Dietary importance of fibre
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q14		Site of ingestion
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q13		Reasons for balanced diet components
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q14		Definition of egestion
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q13		Nutrient preventing scurvy
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q14		Diagram of lipase action
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q13		Lack of fibre in the diet
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q14		Fat breakdown by lipase and bile

Paper 4 (Theory): 18 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42	Q1	14	Physical digestion, bile, teeth and villi
May/June 2025 · Paper 43	Q1	15	Digestive system and chemical digestion
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42	Q1 (c)	8	Nutrients in food supplements data
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43	Q1	13	Digestive organs and bile
May/June 2024 · Paper 41	Q4 (b)	4	Vitamin D in a balanced diet
May/June 2024 · Paper 42	Q6	9	Teeth, villi and absorption
May/June 2024 · Paper 43	Q5 (d)	4	Digestion and absorption of fats
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41	Q2 (a)–(b)	8	Villi and glucose absorption
May/June 2023 · Paper 41	Q1 (a)–(b)	11	Digestive organs and bile action on fat
May/June 2023 · Paper 43	Q7 (a)–(b)	5	Biological molecules and digestive enzymes
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42	Q2	11	Starch digestion in dialysis tubing
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41	Q1 (a)	5	Types of human teeth
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41	Q2	10	Chemical digestion and protease pH data
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42	Q2	14	Digestive enzymes, acid and physical digestion
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43	Q2	18	Digestive secretions, pepsin and lactase
May/June 2022 · Paper 41	Q3 (a)–(b)	8	Pancreas and digestive enzymes
May/June 2022 · Paper 43	Q4	12	Alimentary canal organs and villus
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42	Q6 (a)	3	Names and sites of digestive enzymes

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 2 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 63	Q2	17	Villus magnification and gut length data
May/June 2023 · Paper 63	Q2	21	Diet and bone density study, bone drawing

Chapter 8: Transport in Plants

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 58 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q12		Structural features of xylem vessels
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q13		Sources and sinks in a tomato plant
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q10		Water transport in celery with dye
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q11		Evaporation in transpiration
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q12		Water loss from greased leaves
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q13		Definition of translocation
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q13		Conditions for highest transpiration
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q14		Sources and sinks statements
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q13		Humidity and transpiration rate graph
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q14		Sources and sinks in daffodils
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q14		Features of xylem vessels
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q15		Humidity and transpiration investigation
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q13		Xylem and phloem in organ sections
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q14		Transport of amino acids in arteries and phloem
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q15		Conditions for highest transpiration
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q15		Lignin in xylem walls
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q16		Explaining plant wilting
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q17		Radioactive carbon and translocation
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q16		Conditions for lowest transpiration
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q17		Substances carried in xylem and phloem
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q12		Potometer measurement of water uptake
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q13		Description of translocation
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q17		Conditions for highest transpiration
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q18		Sources and sinks during photosynthesis
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q15		Xylem features giving support
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q16		Factor increasing transpiration
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q17		Description of translocation
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q16		Function of a tissue in a root
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q20		Statements about xylem vessels
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q21		Translocation in parasitic dodder
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q16		Description of transpiration
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q17		Pathway of water through a plant
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q16		Site of water evaporation in leaves
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q17		Tissue in a sunflower stem section
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q11		Sources and sinks in potato plants
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q16		Process of water vapour loss
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q17		Water pathway through a plant
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q15		Humidity and transpiration rate
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q16		Sources and sinks for translocation
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q15		Humidity, wind and transpiration
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q16		Ringing experiment on transport tissue
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q15		Factors giving the highest transpiration
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q16		Source and sink in translocation
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q15		Uptake into a root hair cell
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q16		Water loss through stomata
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q15		Site of water uptake in a seedling
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q16		Ringing experiment on a stem
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q15		Site of water uptake in a seedling
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q16		Ringing experiment on a stem
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q15		Site of water uptake in a seedling
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q16		Ringing experiment on a stem
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q15		Dye movement in a stem section
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q16		Cell losing most water in transpiration
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q15		Tissue in a plant section
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q16		Apparatus for transpiration investigation
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q16		Water pathway through a root
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q15		Water vapour in the water pathway
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q16		Translocation in sprouting potatoes

Paper 4 (Theory): 14 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41	Q5 (a)	7	Humidity and water loss from leaves
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42	Q2 (b)–(f)	12	Vascular bundles, xylem and girdling investigation
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43	Q3	20	Water uptake, transpiration investigation and wilting
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41	Q1 (b)–(c)	7	Xylem adaptations and water movement
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43	Q2 (b)–(c)	8	Translocation, temperature and potato tubers
May/June 2024 · Paper 41	Q5	8	Temperature and transpiration from leaf surfaces
May/June 2024 · Paper 42	Q4 (c)	8	Sucrose transport and starch breakdown
May/June 2023 · Paper 42	Q1 (c)–(d)	6	Wilting, heat and humidity effects
May/June 2023 · Paper 43	Q2	14	Transpiration and effect of wind speed
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42	Q4 (a)	6	Girdling and translocation
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41	Q3	16	Potometer investigation of water loss
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42	Q3	15	Aphids and translocation in phloem
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43	Q4 (a)–(c)	7	Dandelion stem tissues and phloem
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42	Q3	13	Water loss from leaves and xylem

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 4 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 61	Q1	26	Temperature and water movement in celery
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 61	Q2	6	Plan: water movement in xylem
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 63	Q2	18	Guard cell drawing and potometer with wind
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 62	Q2	17	Celery stalk drawing and dye movement

Chapter 9: Transport in Animals

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 51 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q15		Double circulatory system
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q15		Features of veins
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q16		Atrioventricular valve in the heart
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q15		Blood pathway in a fish
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q16		Advantage of double circulation
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q17		Septum separating blood in the heart
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q18		Features of a vein
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q15		Blood leaving the heart
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q16		Name and function of a blood cell
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q16		Heart defect and blood flow
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q18		Identifying the right atrioventricular valve
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q19		Features of a low-pressure blood vessel
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q20		Identifying a blood component
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q18		Single circulation of a fish
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q19		Risk factors for coronary heart disease
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q14		Semilunar valves in the heart
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q15		Blood component transporting hormones
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q19		Advantage of double circulation
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q20		Blocked vessel in coronary heart disease
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q18		Blood pathway in a fish
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q19		Blood component producing antibodies
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q17		Septum in the heart
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q18		Blood component producing antibodies
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q22		Identifying the hepatic vein
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q18		Single and double circulation compared
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q19		Role of lymphocytes
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q18		Function of a blood cell
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q19		Blood vessels of the liver
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q18		Muscle wall thickness of heart chambers
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q19		Circulatory system of a fish
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q17		Functions of circulatory structures
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q18		Identifying the septum
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q17		Identifying the left ventricle
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q18		Features of arteries and veins
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q17		Identifying the right ventricle
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q18		Order of blood vessels in circulation
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q17		Pumps and valves in circulation
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q18		Pressure changes in heart chambers
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q17		Identifying a coronary artery
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q18		Heart events as atria empty
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q17		Identifying a coronary artery
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q18		Function of a blood cell
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q17		Identifying a coronary artery
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q18		Fish and human circulation compared
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q17		Oxygen in fish circulation
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q17		Hole in the heart septum
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q18		Stages of blood clotting
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q17		Role of the right side of the heart
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q18		Name and function of a blood cell
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q17		Function of a heart structure
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q18		Stages of blood clotting

Paper 4 (Theory): 14 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41	Q2	15	Human and fish circulation, arteriole structure
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43	Q4	14	Heart structure and effect of exercise
May/June 2025 · Paper 42	Q2 (a)	5	Components of blood and their functions
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43	Q6 (a)	6	Inheritance and blood clotting
May/June 2024 · Paper 41	Q1 (c)–(f)	14	Circulatory systems and blood vessels
May/June 2024 · Paper 41	Q6 (b)–(c)	4	Blood clotting and plasma
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42	Q2 (a)–(b)	8	Heart structure and a septum defect
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42	Q1 (a)–(b)	2	Red blood cells and clotting
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42	Q5 (a)–(c)	10	Fish and mammal circulation and vessels
May/June 2023 · Paper 43	Q3	16	Heart structure and heart rate in a race
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42	Q1	14	Circulatory system and blood pressure
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42	Q6	17	Fish and mammal circulation, coronary arteries
May/June 2022 · Paper 41	Q2	13	Heart structure and double circulation
May/June 2022 · Paper 43	Q2 (a)	3	Protein elements and haemoglobin role

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 2 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 62	Q2	6	Plan: exercise intensity and heart rate
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 61	Q2	22	Blood cells, haemoglobin and reducing sugar test

Chapter 10: Diseases, Immunity and Drugs

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 54 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q14		Body defences against pathogens
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q16		Antigens, antibodies and specific immunity
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q22		Antibiotic-resistant infections graph
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q15		Site of cholera toxin action
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q22		Limiting antibiotic resistance
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q17		Example of active immunity
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q26		Diseases treatable with antibiotics
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q16		Stages of active immunity
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q17		Effect of cholera toxin
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q26		Effect of antibiotics
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q19		Active and passive immunity statements
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q27		Antibiotic-resistant Clostridium difficile data
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q17		Effects of cholera on the body
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q17		Effect of vaccination on the body
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q24		Using antibiotics only when essential
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q21		Statements about immunity
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q26		Definition of a drug
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q20		Defences against pathogens in food
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q16		Antigens in vaccination
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q22		Statements about antibiotics
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q21		Cholera toxin and osmosis
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q22		Antibody and antigen shape
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q29		Statements about antibiotics
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q20		Effect of cholera toxin
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q28		Statements about antibiotics
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q19		Effect of cholera toxin
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q23		Features of passive immunity
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q32		Factors increasing antibiotic resistance
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q20		Passive immunity from injected antibodies
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q28		Diseases treatable by antibiotics
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q20		Antibodies and lymphocytes destroying pathogens
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q28		Definition of a drug
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q20		Sequence of events in cholera
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q28		Statements about antibiotics
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q29		MRSA cases in hospitals graph
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q19		Cholera toxin and dehydration
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q27		Statements about antibiotics
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q19		Ion and water movement in cholera
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q19		Antigens and antibodies in vaccination
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q19		Antibody binding to antigens
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q27		Why MRSA is hard to treat
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q13		Effect of cholera toxin
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q19		Campylobacter as a pathogen
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q27		Diseases not treatable with antibiotics
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q13		Effect of cholera toxin
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q19		Campylobacter as a pathogen
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q27		Definition of a drug
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q29		Description of passive immunity
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q13		Effect of cholera toxin
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q19		Campylobacter as a pathogen
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q19		Antibody response after vaccination
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q19		Example of passive immunity
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q19		Statements about immune responses
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q19		Statements about passive immunity

Paper 4 (Theory): 11 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42	Q5 (b)–(c)	10	Antibiotic use in livestock and resistance
May/June 2025 · Paper 42	Q2 (b)–(d)	9	Pathogens, antibodies, active and passive immunity
May/June 2025 · Paper 43	Q5 (a)	3	Antibiotics and limiting resistance
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42	Q3 (b)	12	Cholera pathogen and its effects
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41	Q3	17	Cholera pathogen, dehydration and vaccination
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43	Q3 (b)	10	Breastfeeding and infant infections data
May/June 2024 · Paper 41	Q6 (a)	10	Polio vaccination data
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42	Q6 (b)–(e)	13	Passive immunity from placenta and breast milk
May/June 2023 · Paper 42	Q3 (a)	13	Antibiotic doses and resistance data
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41	Q4 (b)–(c)	9	Development and control of antibiotic resistance
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42	Q4 (b)	6	Testing bacteria for antibiotic resistance

Chapter 11: Gas Exchange in Humans

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 33 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q17		Muscles contracting during inspiration
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q16		Muscle changes when breathing in
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q18		Changes causing expiration
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q18		Lung volume trace during breathing
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q20		Breathing rate and air volume in exercise
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q18		Diameter of breathing system structures
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q18		Cartilage keeping the trachea open
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q22		Muscle actions for largest inspiration
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q21		Causes of air entering lungs
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q17		Muscle action during inspiration
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q23		Functions of diaphragm and cilia
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q21		Body changes during exercise
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q20		Structure containing cartilage
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q21		Structures changing thorax volume
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q24		Breathing rate changes in exercise
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q21		Inspired and expired air composition
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q22		Muscles and pressure when breathing out
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q21		Expired compared with inspired air
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q22		Control of breathing rate in exercise
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q21		Composition of expired air
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q20		Sequence of events in inspiration
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q20		Order of events in expiration
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q20		Muscle actions when breathing in
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q20		Muscle changes during breathing
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q20		Oxygen percentage in expired air
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q20		Oxygen percentage in expired air
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q20		Oxygen percentage in expired air
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q20		Cells producing mucus
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q21		Pressure and volume changes in ventilation
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q20		Muscle actions at start of inspiration
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q20		Muscle actions during inspiration
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q20		Expired compared with inspired air
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q21		Features of the gas exchange surface

Paper 4 (Theory): 9 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42	Q6 (a)	7	Heart and breathing rate during exercise
May/June 2025 · Paper 42	Q1 (a)–(b)	15	Gas exchange system and cystic fibrosis
May/June 2025 · Paper 43	Q2	10	Alveoli, breathing muscles and exercise
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42	Q2	15	Gas exchange system and breathing
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43	Q3	16	Inspired air, alveoli and breathing data
May/June 2023 · Paper 41	Q3	14	Goblet cells, breathing and gas exchange surfaces
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41	Q6	16	Gas exchange system and expired air
May/June 2022 · Paper 42	Q5	9	Gas exchange system and inspiration
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42	Q1	14	Gas exchange surface and air composition

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 2 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 61	Q3	8	Height and vital capacity data, protein test
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 62	Q2	26	Juice tests, bronchiole drawing, exercise data

Chapter 12: Respiration

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 43 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q18		Processes needing energy from respiration
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q19		Products of anaerobic respiration in muscle
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q17		Lactic acid and oxygen debt
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q19		Processes requiring respiration energy
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q22		Removal of oxygen debt
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q19		Plant process using respiration energy
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q20		Build-up and removal of oxygen debt
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q19		Carbon dioxide from aerobic and anaerobic yeast
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q23		Balanced equation for aerobic respiration
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q22		Symbol equation for aerobic respiration
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q23		Anaerobic respiration in yeast investigation
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q18		Product of anaerobic respiration in yeast
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q24		Removal of oxygen debt
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q22		Water produced in aerobic respiration
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q22		Lactic acid during and after exercise
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q25		Plant processes using respiration energy
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q26		Equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q23		Anaerobic respiration statements
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q24		Equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q10		Respiration rate and temperature graph
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q23		Anaerobic respiration in yeast
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q24		Balanced equation for respiration
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q23		Statements about anaerobic respiration
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q24		Cause of oxygen debt
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q21		Anaerobic respiration equation in yeast
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q22		Oxygen consumption around exercise
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q21		Equation for aerobic respiration
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q22		Organ removing lactic acid
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q22		Lactic acid and muscle pain
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q21		Aerobic respiration in seeds apparatus
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q21		Processes using energy from respiration
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q22		Word equation for yeast anaerobic respiration
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q21		Process not needing respiration energy
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q22		Anaerobic products in humans and yeast
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q21		Actions using respiration energy
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q22		Anaerobic respiration in muscle
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q22		Equation for yeast anaerobic respiration
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q21		Aerobic respiration in germinating seeds
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q22		Removal of an oxygen debt
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q21		Carbon dioxide from aerobic respiration
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q22		Removal of an oxygen debt
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q22		Anaerobic respiration in yeast
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q23		Process using respiration energy

Paper 4 (Theory): 6 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42	Q6 (c)–(d)	3	Anaerobic respiration in yeast
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43	Q4	14	Anaerobic respiration during a race
May/June 2024 · Paper 42	Q1	14	Anaerobic respiration in yeast investigation
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42	Q2 (c)	7	Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in exercise
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41	Q6	14	Uses of glucose in respiration and oxygen debt
May/June 2023 · Paper 41	Q6	9	Muscle pH in exercise and yeast respiration

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 7 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 62	Q1	14	Glucose concentration and yeast respiration
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 63	Q2	14	Temperature and yeast respiration rate
May/June 2024 · Paper 63	Q2	20	Egg case drawing and insect respirometer
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 62	Q1	27	Glucose concentration and yeast respiration
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 63	Q1	22	Yeast respiration in bread dough
May/June 2023 · Paper 61	Q1	20	Temperature and yeast respiration, bread dough
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 63	Q1	14	Glucose concentration and respiration rate

Chapter 13: Excretion in Humans

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 33 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q20		Glomerulus and kidney function statements
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q34		Deamination of amino acids
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q14		Blood urea in liver vessels
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q19		Pathway of urea to excretion
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q20		Role of the glomerulus
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q23		Organ producing urea
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q21		Substances filtered in the glomerulus
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q22		Source of urea
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q20		Vessel with lowest urea concentration
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q24		Sites of urea formation and excretion
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q24		Deamination of amino acids
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q25		Filtration in the glomerulus
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q19		Substances filtered in the glomerulus
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q25		Substance fully reabsorbed in nephrons
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q23		Renal vein compared with renal artery
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q24		Site of deamination
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q23		Processes along a nephron
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q27		Liver and assimilation of amino acids
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q25		Labelling the excretory system
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q25		Excretory organs and substances
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q22		Urea concentrations in kidney and liver blood
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q25		Labelling the excretory system
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q23		Glucose in kidney blood and nephron
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q23		Labelling a kidney section
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q23		Process and organ forming urea
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q23		Identifying the urethra
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q23		Substances excreted by humans
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q23		Sites of protein breakdown to urea
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q23		Formation of urea
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q23		Glucose reabsorption along a nephron
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q23		Sodium ions in plasma, filtrate and urine
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q23		Statements about urea
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q24		Definition of deamination

Paper 4 (Theory): 7 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42	Q6 (b)	2	Excretion of carbon dioxide and urea
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43	Q2 (c)	3	Formation of urea in humans
May/June 2025 · Paper 41	Q4	14	Excretion, kidney structure and nephron
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42	Q3 (a)	7	Nephron and filtrate composition
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42	Q5 (d)	4	Role of the liver in excretion
May/June 2023 · Paper 43	Q4 (a)–(b)	10	Formation of urea and nephron structure
May/June 2022 · Paper 42	Q2 (a)–(b)	10	Nephron structure and filtrate composition

Chapter 14: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 37 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q21		Iris muscles in the pupil reflex
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q18		Synapse in a reflex arc
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q19		Pupil and lens changes in the eye
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q20		Eye accommodation for near objects
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q21		Sequence of events at a synapse
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q21		Labelling a synapse
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q22		Function of rod cells
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q24		Accommodation for an approaching object
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q23		Labelling a reflex arc
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q24		Eye changes for near objects
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q21		Eye with contracted ciliary muscles
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q26		Neurones and a synapse in a reflex arc
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q27		Iris response to dim light
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q20		Types of cone cells
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q26		Pupil and lens when reading close up
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q25		Movement of neurotransmitter at a synapse
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q24		Eye changes in a dark room
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q28		Toxin blocking neurotransmitter receptors
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q29		Eye part refracting light
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q26		Impulse direction through neurone types
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q27		Rods and cones in the eye
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q26		Parts of a reflex arc
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q26		Reflex action withdrawal from heat
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q24		Neurotransmitter events at a synapse
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q25		Accommodation for distant objects
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q24		Impulse transmission in a reflex arc
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q25		Iris muscles in bright light
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q24		Structure between two neurones
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q25		Statements about cone cells
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q24		Motor neurone in a reflex arc
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q25		Vesicles containing neurotransmitter
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q25		Eye structure controlling light entry
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q24		Location of cone cells in the eye
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q24		Structure at a synapse
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q25		Rods and cones and the fovea
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q25		Central nervous system parts
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q26		Structure and function of an eye

Paper 4 (Theory): 8 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2025 · Paper 41	Q2	14	Retina receptors, pupil reflex and synapses
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41	Q4	11	Nervous system, reflex arc and synapses
May/June 2024 · Paper 42	Q2 (a)–(c)	14	Eye structure, reflexes, rods and cones
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41	Q3 (b)–(c)	13	Rod and cone cells in the retina
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42	Q3	13	Synapses and Parkinson's disease
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42	Q5	12	Eye structure, pupil reflex and focusing
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43	Q1	14	Sneezing reflex and nervous communication
May/June 2022 · Paper 42	Q3 (a)–(b)	11	Focusing, rods and cones

Chapter 15: Hormones, Homeostasis and Tropisms

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 46 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q20		Effects of adrenaline
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q21		Shoot tip phototropism experiment
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q22		Preventing body temperature falling
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q23		Hormone secreted by an endocrine gland
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q24		Nervous and hormonal control compared
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q25		Auxin distribution statements
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q23		Effect of adrenaline from adrenal glands
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q24		Response to overheating
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q25		Example of phototropism
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q25		Organ producing glucagon
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q26		Tropic responses of a seedling
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q25		Hormones increasing blood glucose
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q26		Auxin diffusion from a lit shoot tip
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q22		Liver and pancreas in glucose control
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q23		Gravitropism in shoots and roots
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q25		Seedling response to gravity
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q28		Effects of adrenaline and insulin
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q21		Auxin in phototropism of a shoot
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q27		Temperature control on a hot day
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q28		Cause of falling blood glucose
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q26		Hormone released at low blood glucose
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q27		Cell changes in phototropism
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q25		Effect of adrenaline on blood glucose
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q26		Statements about insulin
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q30		Effect of adrenaline injection
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q31		Auxin in gravitropism of a seedling
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q27		Hormones raising blood glucose
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q27		Auxin and shoot phototropism
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q26		Auxin in shoots
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q26		Auxin distribution in phototropism
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q26		Skin vessels reducing heat loss
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q26		Tropic responses of a seedling in the dark
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q24		Response to low blood glucose
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q26		Labelled structures in human skin
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q24		Response to low blood glucose
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q25		Effects of adrenaline
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q26		Gravitropism and phototropism
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q24		Response to low blood glucose
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q25		Gland secreting insulin
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q26		Factors causing tropic growth
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q25		Iced water and skin temperature
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q26		Shoot tip phototropism experiment
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q24		Effects of adrenaline
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q25		Negative feedback of blood glucose
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q26		Maize seedling tropisms
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q27		Insulin and glucagon after a meal

Paper 4 (Theory): 12 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41	Q5 (b)	4	Sweating and body temperature control
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43	Q5 (b)	7	Phototropism of a shoot in a box
May/June 2025 · Paper 41	Q6 (a)	7	Clinostat and seedling tropisms
May/June 2025 · Paper 43	Q3	12	Blood glucose control and diabetes
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42	Q2	11	Body temperature control and skin
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42	Q3 (b)–(c)	11	Blood glucose control and type 1 diabetes
May/June 2024 · Paper 41	Q2	10	Body temperature control and skin
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42	Q3	9	Gravitropism and root growth
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43	Q4	13	Temperature control, skin and blood glucose
May/June 2023 · Paper 42	Q6 (a)	7	Tropic responses of roots and shoots
May/June 2023 · Paper 43	Q7 (c)	2	Hormones affecting liver glycogen
May/June 2022 · Paper 42	Q2 (c)	4	Homeostasis and negative feedback of glucose

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 2 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2024 · Paper 62	Q2	19	Seedling drawing, sugar test and phototropism
May/June 2023 · Paper 62	Q1	23	Huddling model of heat loss

Chapter 16: Reproduction and Plant Reproduction

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 37 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q23		Asexual propagation of strawberry plants
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q24		Site of fertilisation in plants
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q23		Example of asexual reproduction
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q24		Cross-pollination between two plants
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q27		Self- and cross-pollination conclusions
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q27		Budding in Hydra
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q28		Characteristics of asexual reproduction
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q29		Description of cross-pollination
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q27		Asexual reproduction in potato
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q28		Statements about pollination
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q25		Description of self-pollination
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q26		Terms in sexual reproduction
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q27		Plantlets from asexual reproduction
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q23		Asexual structures of a strawberry plant
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q24		Location of the pollen tube
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q30		Parts of a carpel after pollination
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q29		Disease spread in asexually reproduced bananas
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q30		Pollination and fertilisation in a flower
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q33		Advantage of asexual reproduction in crops
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q29		Gametes and fertilisation statements
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q29		Disadvantage of sexual reproduction
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q30		Pollen tube growth after self-pollination
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q30		Descriptions of sexual reproduction
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q31		Statements about pollination
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q28		Reproduction by potato tubers
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q29		Features of asexual reproduction
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q27		Advantage of asexual reproduction
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q28		Pollen transfer in a flower
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q28		Path of the pollen tube
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q28		Asexual reproduction by plantlets
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q28		Sequence of plant sexual reproduction
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q28		Advantages of sexual reproduction in crops
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q28		Path of the pollen tube
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q28		Sexual and asexual reproduction in plants
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q27		Disadvantage of asexual crop reproduction
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q31		Cross-pollinated flower statements
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q29		Statements about reproduction

Paper 4 (Theory): 9 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41	Q4 (a)–(d)	14	Insect pollination and sexual reproduction in flowers
May/June 2025 · Paper 41	Q3 (a)–(b)	10	Fertilisation and self- versus cross-pollination
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42	Q4	11	Species and pollination in flowers
May/June 2024 · Paper 42	Q5 (a)–(b)	4	Advantages of sexual reproduction
May/June 2024 · Paper 43	Q2	13	Asexual reproduction and pollination
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42	Q5 (a)	6	Insect pollination of monkey flowers
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43	Q1	13	Flower structure and self-pollination
May/June 2023 · Paper 42	Q6 (b)	3	Conditions for germination
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42	Q3 (c)	9	Flower structure and pollination

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 3 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2025 · Paper 63	Q2	18	Acorn drawing and germination data
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 63	Q2	6	Plan: water volume and seed germination
May/June 2022 · Paper 61	Q2	18	Marram grass drawing and seed germination in salt

Chapter 17: Human Reproduction

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 38 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q25		Hormones during pregnancy graph
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q26		Uterus lining in the menstrual cycle
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q25		Testosterone and male characteristics
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q26		Exchange across the placenta
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q27		Female reproductive system labels
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q28		Transmission of HIV
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q28		Blood flow between fetus and placenta
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q29		Hormone produced by the placenta
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q28		Hormones in the menstrual cycle
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q30		Menstrual cycle processes
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q8		Exchange of substances across the placenta
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q29		Uterus lining during the menstrual cycle
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q27		Hormone effects in the menstrual cycle
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q28		Hormone for male secondary characteristics
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q28		Hormone maintaining uterus lining
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q29		New HIV infections data
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q26		Uterus lining during the menstrual cycle
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q27		Hormone levels during pregnancy
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q28		Routes of HIV transmission
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q31		Sperm abnormalities and fertility data
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q33		Progesterone in the menstrual cycle
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q31		Placenta and umbilical cord blood flow
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q27		Function of the placenta
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q34		Hormones in the menstrual cycle
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q30		Site of oestrogen production
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q31		Hormones released by the placenta
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q32		Menstrual cycle hormone graph
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q29		Acrosome of a sperm cell
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q27		Hormones produced in pregnancy
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q28		Umbilical artery and vein blood
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q29		Exchange between mother and fetus
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q29		Features of human gametes
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q29		Sites of progesterone production
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q29		Progesterone in the menstrual cycle
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q27		Adaptive features of sperm
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q29		Two hormones in the menstrual cycle
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q28		Abnormal sperm cell
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q31		LH in the menstrual cycle

Paper 4 (Theory): 13 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41	Q4 (e)	4	Human gametes and where they form
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43	Q6	8	Male reproductive system and sperm
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42	Q4	10	Placenta, umbilical cord and syphilis
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41	Q2 (a)–(b)	11	Chlamydia cases and the reproductive system
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43	Q3 (a)	2	Reducing mother-to-infant HIV transmission
May/June 2024 · Paper 42	Q5 (c)–(d)	10	Female reproductive system and placenta
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42	Q4	9	Hormones of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41	Q1	13	Menstrual hormones, follicles and sperm adaptations
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42	Q6 (a)	2	Hormones released by the ovaries
May/June 2023 · Paper 43	Q5	11	Progesterone, placenta and Rhesus factor
May/June 2022 · Paper 41	Q6	15	Fertilisation, gametes and the placenta
May/June 2022 · Paper 42	Q4	13	Virus structure and HIV effect on lymphocytes
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42	Q2 (a)	6	Adaptations of egg and sperm

Chapter 18: Chromosomes, Genes, Mitosis and Meiosis

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 41 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q28		Meiosis and chromosome number
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q30		Gene expression in lymphocytes
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q31		Role of ribosomes in protein synthesis
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q33		Definition of stem cells
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q33		Features of mitosis and meiosis
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q29		Chromosomes after mitosis
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q31		Gene expression in specialised cells
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q31		Embryonic stem cells
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q29		Definition of a gene
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q31		DNA mass during mitosis
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q30		Site of protein assembly
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q31		DNA mass during mitosis
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q31		Gene expression in different cells
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q32		Graph of DNA mass during mitosis
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q29		Chromosome number in human gametes
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q30		Features of meiosis
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q32		Description of stem cells
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q35		Features of meiosis
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q32		DNA mass during nuclear division
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q29		Statements about protein synthesis
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q35		Mitotic index data
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q31		Features of mitosis
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q32		Gene expression in pancreas cells
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q33		Statements about mitosis
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q34		Replicated chromosomes before mitosis
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q40		Steps of protein synthesis
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q30		Sequence of protein synthesis
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q30		Steps in protein synthesis
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q30		Substance coded for by a gene
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q30		Statements about protein synthesis
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q31		Mitosis and meiosis in humans
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q30		Stages of protein synthesis
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q31		Description of stem cells
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q30		Chromosome number in meiosis
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q32		Unspecialised embryonic stem cells
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q30		Description of mitosis
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q30		Requirements for protein synthesis
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q31		Chromosome number in sperm
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q30		Chromosome number after meiosis
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q32		DNA mass before mitosis
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q36		Chromosome numbers in hybrid plants

Paper 4 (Theory): 10 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41	Q6	5	Role of DNA and mRNA in protein synthesis
May/June 2025 · Paper 41	Q3 (d)–(e)	5	Mitosis, its roles and stem cells
May/June 2025 · Paper 41	Q5 (c)	3	How DNA controls cell function
May/June 2024 · Paper 42	Q3	11	Mitosis and meiosis in life cycles
May/June 2024 · Paper 43	Q3 (a)	6	How proteins are made
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41	Q2 (c)	2	Meaning of stem cell
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41	Q4 (a)	6	Comparing mitosis and meiosis
May/June 2023 · Paper 41	Q5 (a)–(b)	8	Protein synthesis and gene expression
May/June 2023 · Paper 42	Q2 (c)	8	Genes and protein synthesis
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42	Q6 (b)	5	Stages of protein synthesis

Chapter 19: Monohybrid Inheritance

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 40 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q27		Sex chromosomes in human gametes
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q29		Sex-linked colour blindness cross
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q29		Sex chromosomes in sperm
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q32		Codominance in chicken feathers
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q30		Definition of alleles
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q31		Probability in a polydactyly cross
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q32		Red-green colour blindness inheritance
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q30		Codominance in cattle hair colour
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q31		Pedigree for a genetic condition
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q30		Definition of alleles
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q32		Pedigree for a sex-linked disease
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q30		Statements about sex chromosomes
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q32		ABO blood group probability
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q32		ABO blood group cross
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q31		Sex-linked colour blindness cross
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q32		Monohybrid cross ratio for stem type
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q34		Pedigrees for a recessive disorder
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q33		Blood group genotypes in a family
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q28		Inheritance of sex chromosomes
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q30		Pedigree for fur colour in mice
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q36		Sex-linked eye colour in fruit flies
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q32		Pedigree for polydactyly in cats
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q36		Test cross for fur colour
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q38		Sex-linked colour blindness prediction
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q33		Monohybrid cross for seed colour
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q31		Parents producing blood group O
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q32		Pedigree for albinism
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q31		ABO blood group probability
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q32		Colour blindness inheritance
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q31		Sex-linked condition cross
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q32		Punnett square for a test cross
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q32		Genotype of a colour-blind male
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q32		Codominance in cattle coat colour
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q34		Monohybrid cross probability
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q31		Sex-linked recessive condition cross
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q32		ABO blood groups in a family
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q31		Codominance in horse hair colour
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q30		Pure-breeding fruit fly eye colour
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q32		Colour blindness carrier cross
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q33		Test cross for pea plant height

Paper 4 (Theory): 7 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2025 · Paper 42	Q1 (c)	5	Inheritance of cystic fibrosis
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41	Q5	7	Inheritance of red-green colour blindness
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42	Q5	11	Pedigree of ABO blood groups
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43	Q5	9	Codominance in chicken feathers
May/June 2024 · Paper 42	Q2 (d)	2	Sex-linked colour blindness
May/June 2022 · Paper 41	Q3 (e)	7	Pedigree for cystic fibrosis
May/June 2022 · Paper 42	Q3 (c)	8	Pedigree for colour blindness

Chapter 20: Variation and Selection

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 51 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q30		Gene mutation as a source of variation
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q34		Adaptive features of hydrophytes
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q34		Definition of adaptive feature
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q32		Leaf adapted to hot dry habitats
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q33		Natural and artificial selection compared
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q32		Mutation forming new alleles
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q33		Artificial and natural selection compared
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q34		Labelled xerophyte adaptations
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q33		Continuous and discontinuous variation
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q34		Statements about adaptive features
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q35		Rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria graph
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q33		Sources of genetic variation
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q33		Features of xerophytes
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q29		Natural selection of MRSA
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q30		Selective breeding of pepper plants
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q33		Statements about gene mutation
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q33		Adaptive features of a xerophyte
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q36		Camouflage as an adaptive feature
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q34		Types of variation
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q35		Stomata position in a hydrophyte
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q36		Term for selective breeding
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q31		Desert plant adaptations
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q32		Development of antibiotic resistance
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q33		Beak length change over time
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q37		Continuous and discontinuous variation
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q33		Xerophyte adaptations of marram grass
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q34		Statements about mutations
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q34		Sources of genetic variation
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q35		Xerophyte features reducing water loss
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q35		Stomata distribution and plant habitat
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q33		Mutation as a genetic change
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q34		Xerophyte adaptations
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q33		Inherited and environmental variation
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q34		Leaf adaptation for deserts
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q29		Features of natural selection
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q33		Definition of variation
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q34		Features of xerophytes
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q33		Feature of a hydrophyte
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q34		Natural and artificial selection compared
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q33		Statements about variation and mutation
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q33		Xerophyte leaf adaptation
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q34		Antibiotic resistance as natural selection
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q33		Hydrophyte and xerophyte leaves compared
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q34		Selective breeding of broccoli
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q32		Leaf adaptations of hydrophytes
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q34		Statements about selective breeding
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q32		Adaptive feature of a hydrophyte
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q34		Statements about selective breeding
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q34		Statements about selective breeding
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q34		Statements about variation
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q35		Leaf features reducing water loss

Paper 4 (Theory): 14 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43	Q2 (a)	8	Selective breeding of chickens data
May/June 2025 · Paper 41	Q3 (c)	2	Sources of genetic variation
May/June 2025 · Paper 42	Q4	10	Adaptive features of xerophytes
May/June 2025 · Paper 43	Q4	17	Adaptive features of hydrophytes
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42	Q5 (b)	5	Adaptations of a floating-leaved plant
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41	Q2 (c)	6	Antibiotic resistance and genetic variation
May/June 2024 · Paper 41	Q3 (b)	6	Xerophyte leaf adaptations
May/June 2024 · Paper 43	Q4	12	New alleles and selective breeding of wheat
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42	Q5 (b)	8	Leaf area variation in two populations
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41	Q4 (b)	4	Gene mutation and its causes
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 42	Q2	14	Adaptive features of a water lily
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43	Q6	12	Xerophyte adaptations and stomatal density
May/June 2023 · Paper 41	Q5 (c)–(e)	6	Selection and sources of genetic variation
May/June 2022 · Paper 43	Q2 (e)	4	Inheritance of mutations in asexual organisms

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 3 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 63	Q3	15	Penguin drawing, features and insulation model
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 62	Q3	21	Seaweed drawing and water loss in air
May/June 2022 · Paper 62	Q2	21	Nautilus shell drawing and size variation

Chapter 21: Organisms and their Environment

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 71 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q32		Energy flow from Sun to organisms
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q33		Energy transfer in a food chain
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q35		Photosynthesis in the carbon cycle
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q36		Phases of population growth curve
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q35		Units for a pyramid of energy
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q36		Decomposition in the nitrogen cycle
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q37		Bacterial population growth curve
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q35		Removal of carbon dioxide from atmosphere
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q36		Process in the nitrogen cycle
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q37		World human population growth graph
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q38		Herbivores as primary consumers
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q34		Pyramid of energy statements
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q35		Ocean food web
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q36		Nitrification in heated soil experiment
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q37		Lag phase in population growth
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q35		Energy flow through a food chain
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q36		Pyramids of numbers and biomass
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q37		Process in the nitrogen cycle
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q38		Water flea population growth
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q36		Energy flow through a food chain
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q37		Nitrogen fixation by lightning and bacteria
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q38		Death phase of population growth
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q34		Energy source for a food chain
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q36		Energy sources for decomposers
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q37		Coral reef as an ecosystem
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q38		Causes of rabbit population increase
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q34		Direction of energy flow
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q35		Pyramid of numbers for a food chain
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q36		Denitrification in acidic soils
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q37		Phases of yeast population growth
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q34		Energy at trophic levels
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q35		Nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q36		Definition of a population
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q34		Trophic levels in a marine food web
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q35		Photosynthesis arrow in the carbon cycle
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q36		Reason for lag phase in population growth
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q37		Main energy source for ecosystems
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q38		Organisms removing nitrate from soil
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q37		Diagram of the nitrogen cycle
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q34		Principal energy source of an ecosystem
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q35		Processes in the nitrogen cycle
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q38		Processes in the nitrogen cycle
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q35		Rabbit population growth graph
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q37		Processes in the nitrogen cycle
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q36		Pyramid for a food chain
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q37		Denitrification in the nitrogen cycle
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q36		Nitrogen fixation by microorganisms
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q35		Energy flow through a food chain
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q36		Yeast population growth graph
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q35		Definition of a producer
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q36		Pyramids of numbers and biomass
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q35		Original energy source of food chains
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q36		Pyramid of biomass for a forest
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q35		Pyramid of energy for a food chain
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q36		Processes in the nitrogen cycle
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q35		Counting organisms in a food web
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q36		Processes in the nitrogen cycle
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q35		Energy flow through organisms
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q36		Nitrification in the ocean nitrogen cycle
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q31		Energy flow diagram for a food chain
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q35		Nitrogen fixation by bacteria
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q36		Exponential phase in a fermenter
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q36		Example of a community
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q40		Woodland food web
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q35		Processes in the carbon cycle
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q36		Example of a community
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q40		Woodland food web
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q35		Definition of a decomposer
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q36		Example of a community
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q40		Woodland food web
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q37		Stages of the nitrogen cycle

Paper 4 (Theory): 14 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41	Q3 (a)	8	Processes in the nitrogen cycle
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42	Q4 (a)	4	Steppe ecosystem food web
May/June 2025 · Paper 41	Q1	13	Pyramid of energy and introduced species population
May/June 2025 · Paper 43	Q6 (b)	3	Processes in the carbon cycle
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 42	Q6	8	Nitrogen cycle flow chart
May/June 2024 · Paper 43	Q5 (b)–(c)	13	Marine food web and energy efficiency
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42	Q6 (a)–(b)	14	Ocean carbon cycle and pyramid of energy
May/June 2023 · Paper 42	Q4	18	Aquatic food web, decomposers and energy efficiency
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41	Q4 (d)	3	Roles of bacteria in ecosystems
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42	Q1 (d)	3	Phytoplankton in a lake food web
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42	Q5 (a)–(b)	10	Island bird communities and altitude survey
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43	Q3 (a)	3	Global human population growth graph
May/June 2022 · Paper 41	Q4	13	Manure, nitrogen cycle and root nodules
May/June 2022 · Paper 42	Q6 (a)–(b)	9	Coral reef ecosystem and food web

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 1 question

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 62	Q3	20	Starfish drawing and distribution sampling

Chapter 22: Human Influences on Ecosystems

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 44 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q31		Conservation of endangered species
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q37		Eutrophication and dissolved oxygen
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q38		Use of chemical fertilisers
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q38		Advantage of large-scale monocultures
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q39		Carbon dioxide and methane emissions graph
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q39		Fertiliser pollution in a river
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q38		Definition of biodiversity
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q39		Pollution source causing eutrophication
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q39		Harvesting large fish sustainably
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q39		Disadvantage of monocultures
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q35		Processes changing atmospheric carbon dioxide
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q39		Eutrophication and fish death
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q38		Negative impact of monocultures
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q39		Effects of deforestation
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q37		Fertiliser run-off killing pond life
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q38		Bird population after conservation
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q25		Storage conditions in a seed bank
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q37		Flow chart of eutrophication
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q38		Conserving fish stocks
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q39		Reasons species become endangered
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q38		Advantage of monocultures
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q36		Description of biodiversity
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q37		Order of eutrophication stages
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q38		Bioplastic as a sustainable resource
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q39		IVF in captive breeding
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q38		Cause of fish death in eutrophication
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q39		Net mesh size and fish conservation
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q37		Stages of eutrophication
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q38		Definition of biodiversity
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q37		Decline of bluefin tuna stocks
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q38		Raw sewage pollution of a river
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q37		Negative impacts of deforestation
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q38		Nitrate pollution from farms
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q38		Effects of human activity on a river
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q37		Untreated sewage in a river
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q38		Conserving fish stocks
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q39		Sustainable resources
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q40		Sustainable fish population management
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q39		Deforestation and carbon dioxide
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q40		Consequence of deforestation
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q39		Reasons for conserving plant species
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q39		Reasons for conserving plant species
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q39		Reasons for conserving plant species
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q40		Sustainable forest management

Paper 4 (Theory): 19 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 41	Q3 (b)–(c)	11	Methane pollution and eutrophication
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42	Q4 (b)–(c)	10	Captive breeding and IVF for wild horses
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 42	Q5 (a)	3	Advantages of intensive livestock production
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 43	Q2 (b)	6	Fertiliser pollution from chicken faeces
May/June 2025 · Paper 43	Q6 (a), (c)	10	Deforestation and global temperature
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 42	Q6	14	Microplastics in ocean food chains
May/June 2024 · Paper 41	Q7	9	Stages of eutrophication
May/June 2024 · Paper 43	Q6	15	Conserving the endangered boreal toad
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 42	Q6 (c)	4	Managing fish stocks sustainably
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 41	Q5	11	Overfishing and sustainable fish stocks
May/June 2023 · Paper 43	Q4 (c)–(d)	3	Fertiliser use near a lake
May/June 2023 · Paper 43	Q6	12	Deforestation and seed banks
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 41	Q5	10	Fires, carbon dioxide and greenhouse effect data
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42	Q5 (c)	3	Conserving endangered island birds
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 43	Q5 (a)–(b)	11	Lake pollution by fertiliser ions
May/June 2022 · Paper 41	Q5	8	Deforestation and conserving the Mulanje cedar
May/June 2022 · Paper 42	Q6 (c)	3	Threats to aquatic ecosystems
May/June 2022 · Paper 43	Q3 (b)	4	Consequences of destroying forests
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 42	Q5	14	Conservation of oryx and white rhinoceros

Chapter 23: Biotechnology and Genetic Modification

Paper 2 (Multiple Choice): 44 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q39		Pectinase in fruit juice production
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 21	Q40		DNA ligase in insulin production
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 22	Q40		Plasmid cut in genetic modification
Oct/Nov 2025 · Paper 23	Q40		Steps in GM insulin production
May/June 2025 · Paper 21	Q40		Order of GM insulin production steps
May/June 2025 · Paper 22	Q40		Features of bacteria in biotechnology
May/June 2025 · Paper 23	Q40		Order of GM insulin production steps
Feb/March 2025 · Paper 22	Q40		Bacterial structure used in GM
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 21	Q40		Order of steps making GM insulin
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q39		Bacterial structures useful in GM
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 22	Q40		Immobilised lactase for lactose-free milk
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q39		Penicillin production in a fermenter
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 23	Q40		Enzymes used in genetic modification
May/June 2024 · Paper 21	Q40		Genetic modification in agriculture
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q39		Uses of yeast products
May/June 2024 · Paper 22	Q40		First step in genetic modification
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q39		Bacterial structure used in GM
May/June 2024 · Paper 23	Q40		Disadvantage of herbicide-resistant GM crops
Feb/March 2024 · Paper 22	Q40		Bacterial structure used in GM
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q39		Product made using an enzyme
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 21	Q40		Identifying examples of genetic modification
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 22	Q40		Inserting a human gene into bacteria
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 23	Q39		Advantage of GM crops
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q39		Bacterial structure used in GM
May/June 2023 · Paper 21	Q40		Statements about genetic modification
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q39		Gene inserted into a plasmid
May/June 2023 · Paper 22	Q40		Uses of yeast end-products
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q37		Enzyme used in fruit juice production
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q39		Gene inserted for GM insulin
May/June 2023 · Paper 23	Q40		Organism used to produce penicillin
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q22		Yeast in bread-making
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q39		Bacterial component modified for insulin
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 22	Q40		Controlled conditions in a fermenter
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q37		Why bacteria are used in GM
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 21	Q38		Penicillin production in a fermenter
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q37		Penicillin and sugar in a fermenter
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 22	Q38		Steps in GM insulin production
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q37		Importance of plasmids in GM
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 23	Q38		DNA ligase and restriction enzymes
May/June 2022 · Paper 21	Q38		Use of a genetically modified organism
May/June 2022 · Paper 22	Q38		Use of a genetically modified organism
May/June 2022 · Paper 23	Q38		Use of a genetically modified organism
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q38		Insertion of human DNA into bacteria
Feb/March 2022 · Paper 22	Q39		Lactase digesting milk sugar

Paper 4 (Theory): 9 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2025 · Paper 42	Q3	15	Genetically modified insect-resistant maize
May/June 2025 · Paper 43	Q5 (b)–(d)	10	Penicillin production in a fermenter
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 41	Q6	13	Penicillin production in a fermenter
Oct/Nov 2024 · Paper 43	Q6 (b)–(c)	14	Genetic modification of proteins and crops
Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 43	Q5	15	Bacteria in biotechnology and fermenter growth
Feb/March 2023 · Paper 42	Q6	14	Genetically modified golden rice
Oct/Nov 2022 · Paper 42	Q4	11	Biofuel production by yeast fermentation
May/June 2022 · Paper 43	Q1	14	Production of penicillin
May/June 2022 · Paper 43	Q6	10	Enzymes in fruit juice and GM crops

Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical): 3 questions

Paper	Question	Marks	Topic
May/June 2025 · Paper 62	Q2	14	Pectinase and apple juice yield
May/June 2024 · Paper 61	Q3	26	Fruit drawing, food tests and pectinase
May/June 2022 · Paper 63	Q2	18	Apple drawing, pectinase and amylase in juice

Index updated 2026-10-28. Spotted a question in the wrong chapter? Tell us on WhatsApp and we will fix it.